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• Hematuria


  Presence of at least 5 RBCs/microliter of urine
• Significant hematuria


  More than 50 RBCs/ml of urine
• Sources of hematuria


  • Upper urinary tract (within the nephron)
  • Lower urinary tract (pelvocalyceal system, ureter, bladder, or urethra)
• Common causes of gross hematuria

  • Urinary tract infection
  • Meatal stenosis
  • Perineal irritation
  • Trauma
  • Urolithiasis
  • Hypercalciuria
  • Coagulopathy
  • Tumor
• Glomerular causes of hematuria

  • Postinfectious glomerulonephritis
  • Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis
  • IgA nephropathy
  • Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis)
  • Thin glomerular basement membrane disease
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis
• Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN)


  A classic example of the acute nephritic syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of gross hematuria, edema, hypertension, and renal insufficiency
• Reading assignments: IgA nephropathy and Rapidly progressive GN (crescentic GN)