English (1st Quarter)

• Permission


  Authorization granted for something or a formal consent
• Modals

  Special verbs that behave differently from normal verbs, also called auxiliary verbs or helping verbs
• Models


  Give additional information about how the main verb functions in the sentence
• Models used to express permission

  • can
  • may
  • could
• Can


  Used to give either permission or to ask for permission
• Can used to ask for permission

  • Can I help you with that?
• Can used to give permission

  • You can pet my dog
• Could


  Shows a more formal or polite approach to ask permission
• Could used to ask permission

  • Could I borrow your book?
• May


  The most formal and polite way to ask and give permission
• May used to ask permission

  • May I use your restroom please?
• May used to give permission

  • You may use this book as your reference
• Might


  A special model that can be used to ask permission in a very formal way, rarely used due to old-fashioned tone
• Might used to ask permission

  • Might I ask what your name is?
• Completed statements using models

  • Mom, can I go out with Jill to the school play?
  • Hello, may I speak with Mr. Santiago please?
  • Could you lend me an extra pencil please? I accidentally broke mine.
  • Excuse me waiter, might I trouble you for a glass of water please?
  • Sure, you can go now. I've got it covered.
• Can't


  A contraction of cannot, used in dealing with something that is against the rule, law or science
• Mustn't


  Also deals with something that is not allowed, but this time it is the speaker who sets the rule
• Sentences using Can't

  • We can't play outside during the quarantine
  • You can't drive the vehicle without a license
  • You can't be too loud in a library
• Sentences using Mustn't

  • You mustn't bring your shoes inside the house
  • You mustn't stay up late at night
  • You mustn't speak while the teacher is speaking
• When the rule is set by law, rules or signs

  Use Can't
• When the rule is set by the speaker

  Use Mustn't
• Pedestrians can't cross the street
• You mustn't speak when your mouth is full
• You can't go beyond this point
• You mustn't go to the beach without wearing safety equipment
• You mustn't forget to do your homework tonight
• You can't go over the fence, it says so on that sign
• You can't come to this area, it's restricted to staff only
• You mustn't make fun of other people for their mistakes