UPCAT - SCIENCE PROFICIENCY

• Moles of CO2


  The number of moles of carbon dioxide in a given mass
• Chromatid


  One of two identical halves of a replicated chromosome during cell division
• Newton's first law of motion

  Every object remains at rest or in motion in a straight line at constant speed unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
• The net force acting on an airplane in level flight at 500 km/h due north is 0 Newtons
• Dominant trait


  A trait that is expressed in the phenotype when present in either the homozygous dominant or heterozygous genotype
• Recessive trait


  A trait that is only expressed in the phenotype when present in the homozygous recessive genotype
• Igneous rocks

  • Plutonic rocks form within the Earth's crust
  • Volcanic rocks form at the Earth's surface
• Empirical formula


  The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound
• Lunar eclipses are more widely visible than solar eclipses because Earth casts a much larger shadow on the Moon during a lunar eclipse than the Moon casts on Earth during a solar eclipse
• Primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere

  • Water vapor (H2O)
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2)
  • Methane (CH4)
  • Nitrous oxide (N2O)
  • Ozone (O3)
• Meniscus


  The curved upper surface of a liquid in a container, caused by the surface tension of the liquid
• When batteries are connected in series, they all run out of chemical potential energy at the same time
• Torque


  The product of the force and the lever arm
• Determining where to suspend a stick

  1. Calculate the torque on the left and right sides

  2. Equate the torque on the left and right sides

  3. Solve for the length of the left side

  4. Compute the length of the right side
• The mass of the stick is negligible
• There are no other forces such as friction or wind resistance
• Heterozygous


  Having two different alleles for a trait
• The chance of long wings is three-fourths
• Electron configuration


  The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom
• The element with 16 electrons is sulfur
• Complete flower


  A flower with sepals, petals, pistils and stamens
• Imperfect flower


  A flower missing male or female parts
• Incomplete flower


  A flower missing one of sepals, petals, pistils or stamens
• Imperfect flowers


  Are always incomplete
• Incomplete flowers


  May or may not be imperfect
• As a chemical reaction nears completion


  The reaction releases energy to its surroundings
• Protozoa


  Placed in different classes based on their movement
• Uplift, weathering, erosion, deposition


  Lead to sedimentation
• Heating and pressure


  Transform sedimentary rocks into metamorphic rocks
• Forensic anthropologist


  Uses the femur bone to determine height of a corpse
• The diameter of the tube has a negligible effect on the height of mercury in a barometer
• Electronegativity


  Increases from bottom to top in groups and left to right across periods in the periodic table
• Fluorine is the most electronegative element
• An endergonic reaction requires energy to proceed, while an exergonic reaction releases energy as it occurs.
• A chemical reaction that releases heat or light is an exothermic reaction
• The process by which the body converts food into energy is called metabolism.
• An endergonic reaction requires energy to proceed, while an exergonic reaction releases energy as it occurs.
• A catalyst increases the rate at which a chemical reaction takes place without being consumed or changed by the reaction itself.
• A chemical reaction that absorbs heat or light is an endothermic reaction
• Enzymes act as biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions within living organisms.