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• Psychoanalysis


  The beginnings of psychotherapy
• Freud & Charcot


  • Developed techniques that encourage patient talking as a way of addressing and alleviating neurotic symptoms
• Talking cure


  • Techniques that encourage patient talking as a way of addressing and alleviating neurotic symptoms
• Hypnosis


  • Technique used in psychoanalysis
• Psychic determinism


  A major assumption of Freudian theory that holds that everything one does has meaning and is goal directed
• Freudian views


  • Unconscious motivations
  • Instincts: Life (Eros)
  • Instincts: Death (Thanatos)
• Personality structures


  • Id
  • Ego
  • Superego
• Id


  Pleasure Principle/ Primary process
• Ego


  Reality principle/ Secondary process
• Superego


  Oedipal complex/ Conscious/ Ego ideal
• Psychosexual stages


  • Oral
  • Anal
  • Phallic
  • Latency
  • Genital
• Types of anxiety


  • Reality
  • Neurotic
  • Moral
• Ego defenses (defense mechanisms)

  • Repression
  • Fixation
  • Regression
  • Reaction formation
  • Projection
• Free association


  Patient must say everything that comes to mind without censoring
• Dream analysis


  • Manifest content
  • Latent content
• Resistances


  • Less engagement
  • Omitting/ censoring information
  • Cancelling or arriving to appointments late
  • Acting out
  • Intellectualization
• Transference


  Patient reacts as if therapist represents an important figure from childhood
• Interpretation


  Method by which the unconscious meaning of thoughts and behavior is revealed; most important technique
• Ego analysis


  • Deemphasizes the role of the unconscious and the exploration of childhood experience and emphasizes the conflict-free functions of the ego
• Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT)


  Brief, insight-oriented therapy that focuses on the connection of clinical problems and interpersonal problems
• Phases of IPT treatment

  1. First phase: Diagnostic evaluation, psychiatric history, interpersonal functioning assessment, patient education

  2. Second phase: Strategies and goals based on interpersonal problem area

  3. Third phase: Progress reinforcement, consolidation, discussion of dealing with recurrence
• Psychodynamic therapy is less effective in youths
• There appears to be at least modest support for the effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy
• Efficacy of psychodynamic therapy depends on the specific disorder
• Frequency of interpretation is not related to outcome
• Transference interpretations are not equal to degree of effectiveness
• Interpretations are more likely to lead to defensiveness
• Accuracy of interpretations is lower than believed
• Therapeutic alliance


  Quality and strength
• Lack of emphasis on behavior in psychodynamic therapy led to rise in behavioral therapies
• Psychodynamic therapy is a long and costly process
• Brief forms of psychodynamic therapy show stronger effects
• More definitive research is needed on psychodynamic therapy
• Influence of managed care on psychodynamic therapy