CSET 3 Music

• elements of music

  pitch, rhythm, and harmony
• pitch: how high or low a sound is percieved
• intervals: the differences between pitches
• initiation: the accuracy in pitch when singing or playing an instrument
• flat: playing or singing below pitch
• sharp: playing or singing above pitch
• dynamics: how loudly or softly a performer should play or sing a passage
• the dynamic is likely to be located below the music in the first measure
• dynamics:

  • crescendo
  • diminuendo
  • forte
  • mezzo-forte
  • mezzo-piano
  • piano
  • paino-forte
• crescendo (cresc): gradually increasing in loudness, volume, or intensity
• diminuendo (dim): a gradual decrease in volume or intensity of a musical or other sound
• forte (f): to pay or sing loudly
• mezzo-forte (mf): to play or sing moderately loudly
• mezzo-piano (mp): to play or sing moderately softly
• piano (p): to play or sing softly
• forte-piano (fp): to play or sing loudly then immediately softly
• rhythm: music's pattern in time

  contains three parts
• rhythm

  • beat
  • tempo
  • meter
• rhythm is when some notes las longer than other notes
• beat can be found on sheet music by looking at the time signature
• beat: the pulse; a rhythmic unit of time
• tempo: the speed at which the piece is perfrmed
• composers use tempo markings at the beginning of a song that can look like a quarter note followed by a number of beats per minute (metronome marking) or use a word to indicate tempo
• andante: a walking tempo; moderately slow
• allegro: fast, but not as fast as presto or pretissimo
• presto: a rapid tempo; as if by magic
• prestissimo: a tempo faster than presto
• meter: musical time features patterns of strong beats and weak beats
• rhythm: timing :: melody: pitch
• melody: the tune played by a series of notes; the sound different notes make together
• form: the structure of music
• timbre: the quality of a sound. Generally used to describe differences in sounds played or sung at the same pitch or loudness, but by different instruments and/ or voices
• depending on the instruments, words to describe timbre include bright, dark, warm, and harsh
• timbre affects the mood of the music
• staff: set of five line and four spaces

  each space represents a specific musical pitch
• grand staff: two staffs joined by a brace
• generally, the grand staff joins the bass and treble clefs, with middle c located on the ledger line between the two
• measures: in music, notes are grouped together in a sense of measures (or bars)
• single bar lines indicate where a measure begins or ends
• double bar lines indicate a change in music, including the beginning of a new sanction or key signature