Recalled Coverage (updated)

• People who experience this mood describe the feeling as overwhelming, suffocating, or numbing.

  Depression
• A depressed mood is accompanied by several other symptoms, such as fatigue, loss of energy, difficulty in sleeping, and changes in appetite. It also involves a variety of changes in thinking and overt behavior.

  Clinical Depression
• The diagnosis given when a person’s symptoms meet all the criteria for schizophrenia except that the symptoms have been present for only 1–6 months.

  Schizophreniform Disorder
• The sudden onset of psychotic symptoms (hallucinations and delusions), symptoms of disorganized speech or behavior, or catatonic behavior, that last between a day and a month and are followed by a full recovery.

  Brief Psychotic Disorder
• It is characterized by the presence of both schizophrenia and a depressive, manic, or mixed mood episode.

  Schizoaffective Disorder
• When a person’s sole symptom is that he or she adheres to nonbizarre but demonstrably incorrect beliefs—those that are theoretically plausible, such as believing that someone is following you—and those beliefs have persisted for more than 1 month.

  Delusional Disorder
• It is characterized by persistent, maladaptive disruptions in the integration of memory, consciousness, or identity—verge on the unbelievable.

  Dissociative Disorders
• There is a presence of two or more distinct personality states or expressions and there must be a gap in the recall of events, information, or trauma due to the switching of personalities.

  Dissociative Identity Disorder
• Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is used to be referred to as Multiple Personality Disorder.
• It is identified by the inability to recall important autobiographical information. This type of amnesia is different from what one would consider permanent amnesia in that the information was successfully stored in memory; however, the individual cannot retrieve it.

  Dissociative Amnesia Disorder
• It is a state or period of loss of awareness of one's identity. It is considered to be the most extreme type of dissociative amnesia. Not only does an individual forget personal information, but they also flee to a different location

  Dissociative Fugue
• Characterized by the pervasive tendency to be inappropriately suspicious of other people’s motives and behaviors. People who suffer in this are completely inflexible in the way that they view the motives of other people, and they are unable to choose situations in which they can trust other people.

  Paranoid Personality Disorder
• This is defined in terms of a pervasive pattern of indifference to other people, coupled with a diminished range of emotional experience and expression. By their own report, they do not experience strong subjective emotions, such as sadness, anger, or happiness.

  Schizoid Personality Disorder
• This centers around peculiar patterns of behavior rather than on the emotional restriction and social withdrawal that are associated with schizoid personality disorder. People with this disorder may report bizarre fantasies and unusual perceptual experiences.

  Schizotypal Personality Disorder
• It is defined in terms of a persistent pattern of irresponsible and antisocial behavior that begins during childhood or adolescence and continues into the adult years. Once the person has become an adult, these difficulties include persistent failure to perform responsibilities that are associated with occupational and family roles.

  Antisocial Personality Disorder
• A diffuse category whose essential feature is a pervasive pattern of instability in mood and interpersonal relationships. Their mood may shift rapidly and inexplicably from depression to anger to anxiety over a pattern of several hours. People with this disorder form intense, unstable relationships with other people and are often seen by others as being manipulative.

  Borderline Personality Disorder
• Characterized by a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking behavior. They are self-centered, vain, and demanding, and they constantly seek approval from others. Their emotions tend to be shallow and may vacillate erratically.

  Histrionic Personality Disorder
• A pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and inability to empathize with other people. These people have a greatly exaggerated sense of their own importance. Because they consider themselves to be very special, they cannot empathize with the feelings of other people and are often seen as being arrogant or haughty.

  Narcissistic Personality Disorder
• Characterized by a pervasive pattern of social discomfort, fear of negative evaluation, and timidity. They want to be liked by others, but they are extremely shy— easily hurt by even minimal signs of disapproval from other people.

  Avoidant Personality Disorder
• A pervasive pattern of submissive and clinging behavior. Often unable to make everyday decisions on their own, they feel anxious and helpless when they are alone. They are easily hurt by criticism, extremely sensitive to disapproval, and lacking in self-confidence.

  Dependent Personality Disorder
• Defined by a pervasive pattern of orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency. People with this disorder set ambitious standards for their own performance that frequently are so high as to be unattainable.

  Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)
• If something is statistically rare and undesirable (e.g. severely diminished intellectual functioning), we are more likely to consider it abnormal than something that is statistically rare and highly desirable (e.g. genius) or something that is undesirable but statistically common (such as rudeness)
• Stereotypes


  It is the automatic beliefs concerning other people that are based on minimal (often trivial) information.
• Stigma


  It happens when a person defines someone by their illness rather than who they are as an individual. It is also recognized as a negative stereotype.
• Discrimination


  A behavior that results to negative stereotype, resulting to treating a person differently from other persons based on group membership and an individual’s possession of certain characteristics such as age, class, gender, race, religion, and sexuality.
• Culture


  It plays a role in determining what is and is not abnormal.
• Prevalence


  It refers to the number of active cases in a population during any given period of time, typically expressed as percentages.
• Incidence


  It is the number of new cases that occur over a given period of time (typically 1 year).
• Comorbidity


  The term used to describe the presence of two or more disorders in the same person.
• Epidemiology


  The study of the distribution of diseases, disorders, or health-related behaviors in a given population.
• Etiology


  It refers to the cause of the disorder.
• Prognosis


  The anticipated course that will be taken of a disease or ailment.
• Anxiety


  A negative mood state characterized by bodily symptoms of physical tension and by apprehension about the future.
• Anxiety


  A general feeling of apprehension about possible future danger.
• Fear


  An alarm reaction that occurs in response to immediate danger.
• Obsessions


  Repetitive, unwanted, intrusive cognitive events that may take the form of thoughts or images or urges.
• Compulsions


  Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that are used to reduce anxiety.
• Fear


  An almost instantaneous reaction to any imminent threat such as a dangerous predator or someone pointing a loaded gun. It is a basic emotion (shared by many animals) that involves activation of the “fight-or-flight” response of the autonomic nervous system.
• Anxiety


  A response to internal threat, something less obvious. It can be “unknown, vague, or conflictual.” It is pathologic when it interferes with functioning.
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder


  It is identified with worrying about a number of events and activities even things are going well.