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• Grand Tour


  Customary eighteenth-century tour undertaken by young northern European nobles to complete their education and experience artistic production
• Lake Como


  • Offered relaxation
  • Made no attempt to refine visitors' sense of art
  • Did not encourage intellectual one-upmanship
• The typical scene from the Hotel Serbelloni terrace still invites you to do nothing
• Retreating to the lake has gone on since Roman times
• Pliny even writes of fishing from his bedroom window
• Lake Como


  • Accessible from Milan
  • Surrounded by narrow road full of aggressive traffic
• Bellagio


  • Peaceful because it is on a promontory
  • Has a microclimate
• Villas on Lake Como

  • Villa Melzi
  • Villa Serbelloni
• Bellagio is a tourist town, built to answer the demand generated by the hotel
• Bellagio has the atmosphere of the 1920s
• Bellagio is small and easy to walk around
• The 2020 Venice Carnival had to be stopped three days after starting due to the COVID-19 pandemic
• The cancellation of the 2020 Venice Carnival marked the beginning of a major economic crisis for Venice
• Tourism in Italy accounts for 13% of GDP and is responsible for job creation and development
• Italy cannot be compared economically to a Gulf Kingdom as it has a diversified economy, not relying on a single source of income like oil
• Italy has the second largest manufacturing industry in Europe
• Italy has a healthy exportation of wine, fashion, and food
• Venice Carnival


  Yearly event lasting a week that brings in about three billion euros
• Venice Carnival had to be stopped three days after starting due to COVID-19 outbreak

  2020
• In 2020, the authorities were forced to cancel the Venice Carnival because of the coronavirus pandemic
• The cancellation of the 2020 Venice Carnival had a great effect on the Venetian economy
• Tourism in Italy


  Accounts for 13% of GDP and is responsible for job creation and development
• Tourism is called "Italy's oil", at least by some politicians
• Italy cannot be compared economically to a Gulf kingdom
• While petrol states rely on one single source of income, Italy has a diversified economy
• Products Italy exports


  • Wine
  • Food
  • Luxury goods
  • Designer clothes
  • High-end cars
• Italy's tourist industry


  Has an important role in keeping the economy afloat and has a trickle-down effect on the broader economy
• The tourist industry has become more important since the 2011 European financial crisis
• Many losing their jobs during/after the 2011 crisis found employment in the tourist industry
• The cities suffering most from the lockdown effect were Venice, Rome and Florence
• Italy had become a major attraction for tourists

  1950s
• There was a surge of tourism during the 1990s, due to the Internet and low-cost flights
• The rising numbers of tourists made heritage-rich cities develop their centres as consumer objects
• Given the stagnation of the economy, mass tourism appeared in an attractive light
• In certain areas of Italy, the problem is that there is no source of income outside tourism
• Monoculture


  A term belonging to agriculture, referring to the situation where there is more foreign than national tourism in Italy today
• Tourism works well in a country when it is not the primary activity
• In Rome, suggestions are being made to repopulate parts of the historic centre with working-class families
• The British idea of a holiday was born in places like Lake Como
• Pliny the Younger was particularly enthusiastic about the closeness of the water in Lake Como