motivation

• Motivation


  The activating properties of the processes involved in psychological motivation, derived from the Latin word movere meaning "to move"
• Emotion


  One of the primary forces that activates or energizes our behaviors, derived from the Latin word movere (to move)
• Motivated behavior arises through expectation of reward or avoidance of punishment
• Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs


  • Physiological, Security, Social, Esteem, and Self-actualizing
• William James' definition of emotion: emotions are the sensation of bodily changes
• Sources of Motivation

  • Instinct Theory
  • Drive Theory
  • Arousal Theory
  • Incentive Theory
  • Expectancy Theories
  • Cognitive Theory
  • Humanistic Theory
  • Achievement Theory
• Hunger


  Biological aspect (involvement of body organs and organic substance) and social aspect (cultural preferences with regard to taste)
• Sexuality

  Cultural relativism - not judging a culture to our own standards of what is right or wrong, strange or normal
• Significance of Emotion

  • Helps us communicate with others
  • Helps us act quickly in important situations
  • Gives meaning to events
  • Coordinates interpersonal relationships
  • Plays an important role in cultural functioning
• The Six Basic Emotions

  • Sadness
  • Happiness
  • Fear
  • Anger
  • Surprise
  • Disgust
• Barbara L. Fredrickson's theory of positive emotions

  • Positive emotions build up resources over time and increase individual well-being
  • Love is a momentary upwelling of positive emotions, synchrony, and mutual care
  • Gratitude opens your heart and carries the urge to give back
• Fredrickson's 10 most common positive emotions


  • Joy
  • Gratitude
  • Serenity
  • Interest
  • Hope
  • Pride
  • Amusement
  • Inspiration
  • Awe
  • Love
• Examples of negative emotions

  • Anger
  • Emptiness
  • Frustration
  • Helplessness
  • Fear
  • Guilt
  • Loneliness
• Sadness vs Loneliness


  Sadness is the state or emotion of being sad, while loneliness is a feeling of depression resulting from being alone
• Components of Emotion


  • Emotional actions
  • Autonomic responses
  • Expressive behaviors
  • Integrating emotional behaviors
  • Emotional feelings
• Theories of Emotion

  • Common Sense View
  • James-Lange Theory
  • Cannon-Bard Theory
  • Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory