Chapter 5

• Natural resources


  Raw materials derived from nature which are essential for human survival, or anything found naturally within the environment and have a significant commercial value
• Types of Natural Resources

  • Water Resources
  • Land Resources
  • Mineral Resources
  • Energy Resources
  • Forest Resources
• Water Resources


  • The Philippines boasts of many different kinds of natural water forms, such as bays, rivers, lakes, falls, gulfs, straits, and swamps, with bountiful water products
• Three Largest Rivers


  • Cagayan river
  • Agusan River
  • The Rio Grande De Mindanao
• Iligan City


  • Known as the City of Water Falls
• Land Resources


  • The Philippine's primary source of livelihood, being an agricultural economy, is its fertile land
• Major agricultural crops


  • rice
  • corn
  • coconut
  • sugarcane
  • banana
  • pineapple
  • coffee
  • mango
  • tobacco
  • abaca
• Mineral Resources


  • Metals: Nickel
  • Iron
  • Copper
  • Gold

  Non-metals: Cement

  • Lime
  • Marble
  • Asbestos
  • Clay
  • Guano
  • Asphalt
  • Feldspar
  • Sulfur
  • Talc
  • Silicon
  • Phosphate
• Energy Resources


  • Renewable energy: Geothermal energy
  • Hydroelectric energy
  • Wind energy
  • Solar energy

  Fossil fuels: Oil

  • Natural gas
  • Coal

  Alternative fuels: Biofuels

  • Compressed natural gas
  • Auto gas
  • Hydrogen
• Geothermal energy


  Heat emitted from within the earth's crust, usually in the forms of hot water or steam exploited for electricity generation
• Hydroelectric energy


  Energy content of the electricity consumed from hydroelectric power plants, which convert the potential and kinetic energy of water into electricity
• Wind energy


  Wind power from the kinetic energy wind in wind turbines to generate electrical power
• Solar energy


  Energy derived from solar radiation which can be converted into useful thermal or electrical energy
• Fossil fuels


  Crude oil and natural gas liquids (including motor and aviation gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, and petrochemical feedstocks), coal and coal products (occur in underground deposits, whether liquefied or gaseous, consisting mainly of methane)
• Alternative Fuel


  Substantially non-petroleum, which is consumed to provide energy to power an engine and yield energy security and environmental benefits
• Alternative Fuels


  • Natural gas
  • Biodiesel
  • Fuels derived from biological materials
• Forest Resources


  • Provides raw materials for forest-based industries and furnishes the people and economy of the country with recreation areas, eco-tourism sites and a host of other benefits
• Classifications of Philippine Forests

  • Dipterocarp Type Forest
  • Molave Type Forest
  • Pine-Type forest
  • Mangrove Type Forest
  • Beach Type Forest
  • Mid Mountain and Mossy Type Forest
• Dipterocarp Type Forest


  • Members of Dipterocarp family form the predominating timber species, about 72 percent by volume
• Molave Type Forest


  • More open than the dipterocarp type and the volume of timber per unit is much less, averaging 30 m3 per hectare
• Pine-Type forest


  • Occurs in the high mountainous regions of northern Luzon and Mindoro
• Mangrove Type Forest


  • Occurs on tidal flats at mouths of streams and on the shores of protected bays
• Beach Type Forest


  • A narrow strip of woodland along the sandy and gravelly beaches of the seacoast
• Mid Mountain and Mossy Type Forest


  • Found on high and very rough mountainous regions, are essentially protection forest
• Timber And Minor Forest Products

  • Timber
  • Minor forest Products
• Timber


  • Lauans or "Philippine mahogany"
  • Apitong
  • Guijo
  • Yakal
  • Akle
  • Narra
  • Ipil
  • Tindalo
• Lauans or "Philippine mahogany"


  Softer members of the dipterocarp family
• Apitong


  Most abundant of the heavier stronger structural timbers of the dipterocarp family, responds admirably to process treatment and is the most important wood used in construction
• Guijo


  Similar to apitong in many respects, especially in color
• Yakal


  Hardest and strongest member of the lauan family
• Akle


  Brownish in color and is an excellent wood for cabinet making
• Narra


  Reddish yellow to dark red, for furniture and cabinet making
• Ipil


  Most commonly used for house posts because of its great durability and strength
• Tindalo


  A beautiful hard red wood that darkens with age, keeps its shape remarkably well
• Fishery resources


  • Territorial waters measuring as much as 1.67 million square kilometers and located in the world's fishing center, over 2400 fish species found in the country, 65 have good commercial value
• Human resources


  • One of the country's outstanding attributes aside from other natural resources, based on the 2009 annual labor and employment status, out of the projected 91.56 million populations 59.327 million are those ages 15 and over, there is an overabundance of skilled labor
• Classification of Natural Resources

  • On the basis of origin

  On the basis of developmental stage

  On the basis of renewability

  On the basis of their abundance and availability

  On the basis of their chemical nature

  On the basis of their distribution
• Biotic resources


  Living things in the environment: plants, animals, and other living organisms
• Biotic resources


  • Forests, birds, marine and freshwater products, marine products, agricultural products
• Abiotic resources


  Non-living things in the environment: the land, water, air, minerals, etc.