Sts c2

• Intellectual revolution


  The idea that started in Europe after the Middle Ages in the early 16th -18th Century, characterized by booming intellectual activities and developments in various fields that transformed society's views
• Intellectual revolution


  Enabled people to reflect, rethink, re-examine their beliefs, perceptions, and way of life
• Intellectual revolution


  • Considered the Golden Age characterized by people dedicated to pursue a scholarly life in science
  • Many radical individuals were condemned or sentenced to death for their faith, religious beliefs, and theological views
  • There were many rulers and religious leaders who did not accept the works of the scientists
  • But the new scientists persisted to satisfy their curiosity of the natural and physical world
• Intellectual revolution is significantly indispensable in the development of human beings, transformation of the society, and the articulation of scientific ideas
• Intellectual revolution improved the conduct of scientific inquiry, experiments, research, and observations
• Prominent scientists of the intellectual revolution

  • Nicolaus Copernicus
  • Charles Darwin
  • Sigmund Freud
• Copernican revolution


  Challenged the Ptolemaic model and introduced the heliocentric model, which suggested that the center of the Solar System was not the Earth but the sun
• Copernicus' idea was rejected by the people and opposed by the church, and he was declared a heretic
• The Copernican model was eventually accepted as it simplified the orbits of the planets and addressed issues that could not be explained by the geocentric model
• Darwinian revolution


  Charles Darwin introduced the Theory of Evolution, which postulated that man passes through a process of natural selection in which only the fittest would survive
• The Theory of Evolution was not accepted by biblical scholars and was perceived as contrary to the teachings of the Bible and the churches
• The Theory of Evolution ignited a huge debate between science and religion, but it was concluded that there is no conflict between science and religion because God is the greatest scientist, everything started with God and everything ends with God
• Freudian revolution


  Sigmund Freud changed the human perception of psychology with his revolutionary Theory of Psychoanalysis, which explains human behaviour and personality as a product of the id, ego, and superego
• Psychoanalysis was initially criticized as more philosophical and supernatural than scientific, but it was later proven to be an effective means to understand some neurological conditions and was accepted as a scientific discipline
• These revolutionary theories transformed and shaped societies, beliefs, and ideas, and are evidence that science and technology are linked to humanity