5-10

• E. coli


  Gram (-) coccobacilli
• B. subtilis

  Gram (+) streptobacilli
• EXERCISE 5: GROWTH INHIBITION AND DESTRUCTION OF BACTERIA BY PHYSICAL AGENTS

  1. Control

  2. Dry heat (hot air)

  3. Moist heat (boiling)

  4. Pressure by steam (autoclaving)

  5. Cold
• Dry heat (hot air)

  • 160°C
  • 30 mins
  • Hot air sterilizer
  • Incubation: 37°C
  • MOA: protein oxidation
• Moist heat (boiling)

  • 100°C
  • 30 mins
  • Incubation: 37°C
  • MOA: protein coagulation
• Pressure by steam (autoclaving)


  • Best method of sterilization
  • 121-126°C
  • 15-20 mins
  • Incubation: 37°C
• Cold

  • 24 hours refrigeration
  • 24 hours incubation: 37°C
• EXERCISE 6: ACTION OF DISINFECTANTS ON BACTERIA

  1. 70% ethyl alcohol

  2. 95% isopropyl alcohol

  3. 5% lysol

  4. Betadine

  5. 3% hydrogen peroxide

  6. 1:1000 zephiran chloride

  7. 1% sodium hypochlorite

  8. Merthiolate
• 70% ethyl alcohol


  • A(+)
  • 5,10,15: (-)
• 95% isopropyl alcohol


  • AG(+)
  • 5,10,15: (-)
• 5% lysol


  • A(+)
  • 5,10,15: (-)
• Betadine


  • AG
  • 5,10,15: (-)
• 3% hydrogen peroxide


  • AG
  • 5,10,15: (-)
• 1. 1000 zephiran chloride


  • AG
  • 5,10,15: (+)
• 1% sodium hypochlorite


  • AG
  • 5,10,15: (-)
• Merthiolate


  • AG
  • 5,10,15: (-)
• EXERCISE 7: ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST: DISC AGAR DIFFUSION TEST

  1. S. aureus

  2. P. aeruginosa

  3. E. coli

  4. S. typhi

  5. P. vulgaris

  6. Enterodoacae

  7. Salmonella Para A.

  8. K. pneumoniae
• Kirby Bauer Test

  Measure diameter<|>Sensitive- effective antibiotic<|>Intermediate- slightly effective antibiotic<|>Resistant- ineffective antibiotic
• Kirby Bauer Chart

  • Ampicillin (AM10) Dp: 10
  • Chloramphenicol (C30): Dp: 30
  • Gentamicin (CN10): Dp: 10
  • Penicillin G (P10) : Dp: 10
  • Trimethoprim Sulfomethoxazole(SXT25): TDp: 1.25 SDp: 13.75
• S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. typhi, P. vulgaris, Enterodoacae, Salmonella Para A., K. pneumoniae are resistant to all antibiotics
• EXERCISE 8 : AGGLUTINATION TEST (Blood Typing)

  1. Anti-A and Anti-B typing Sera

  2. Rh typing serum

  3. Clean glass slide

  4. Lancet

  5. Cotton

  6. Toothpick
• Agglutination

  Positive result
• No agglutination

  Negative result
• EXERCISE 9: STAPHYLOCOCCI

  1. S. aureus

  2. S. epidermidis
• S. aureus


  • Round, medium-sized, circular, raised, opaque, smooth, with a soft consistency colonies
  • Beta-hemolytic
  • Slide and tube coagulase (+)
• S. epidermidis

  • Round, raised, opaque, circular, with soft consistency colonies
  • Gamma-hemolytic
  • Slide and tube coagulase (-)
• EXERCISE 10: NEISSERIA

  1. N. gonorrhoeae

  2. N. meningitidis

  3. M. catarrhalis
• Neisseria


  May be pathogenic and nonpathogenic
• N. gonorrhoeae


  • Small, grayish white, convex, translucent shiny colonies with smooth or irregular margins
  • GMSL: A(1) NC(3)
• N. meningitidis

  • Medium, smooth, round, moist, gray to white colonies, encapsulated strains are mucoid
  • GMSL: A(2) NC(2)
• M. catarrhalis


  • Large, brownish, opaque, smooth, friable, with a "hockey puck" consistency
  • GMSL: NC(4)
• All Neisseria species are gram (-) and oxidase (+)