STM 007 - General Biology

• A theory is a set of hypotheses that explains and describes a particular phenomenon or aspect of the world
• life - it has biological processes
• There are six theories of life here on Earth
• The Divine Creation Theory, also known as the theory of special creation proposed that a supernatural power or god created life here on earth.
• The Spontaneous Generation Theory suggests that living organisms can arise spontaneously from non-living matter under certain conditions.
• Spontaneous Generation theory is also known as the Abiogenesis Theory
• The biogenesis theory is the idea that all living things are made of living cells
• Three scientists proposed the biogenesis theory. They are Lazarro Spallanzani, Francisco Redi and Louis Pasteur
• Francisco Redi - An Italian naturalist who challenged the idea of Spontaneous Generation Theory in 1668
• Lazarro Spallanzani reattempted Needham's experiment in 1768.
• Louis Pasteur was able to prove that microorganisms were responsible for fermentation by using sterilization techniques such as boiling or filtration.
• Pasteur used swan neck flasks to prevent contamination during his experiments on fermentation.
• Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms.
• Louis Pasteur is a French microbiologist who made another broth experiment on 1859
• Theory of Catastrophism - The idea that the Earth is constantly being destroyed and rebuilt.
• Cosmozoic Theory - life did not rise from our planet, rather it was from another planet where life first existed.
• Cosmozoa is also known as the resistant spore
• Theory of Eternity of Life is also known as the steady state theory
• Living Organisms - characterized by hierarchy or by highly organized structure
• what is the basic unit of matter?

  atom
• Molecule - a chemical structure that consist of two or more atom
• DNA, RNA and lipids are example of..?

  Molecule
• What is organelle?

  it is a structure within the cell
• What are the two types of cell?

  Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
• tissue - group of cells with similar structure and function
• what are the 4 examples of Tissues?

  Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve tissues
• organs - collection of tissues grouped together to perform a specific function, e.g. the heart
• what do you call to the group of organs?

  organ system
• Organisms - they are the living things that are composed of organ system
• what are the difference between population and community?

  population - same species in a specific area

  community - different species in a specific area
• type of levels pf organization when organisms interact with non-living things, it is called....?

  An Ecosystem
• Biomes - large areas of the Earth with similar climate and vegetation.
• Biosphere - global sum of all ecosystems on Earth.
• Who are the 2 Dutch spectacle makers who started experimenting with lenses during the 1590s?

  Zacharias and Hans Janssen
• who named the cell "cells"?

  Robert Hooke
• Matthias Jakob Schleiden - He proposed that plants are made up of cells.
• Protozoa are live cells
• Leeuwenhoek's microscopes were small enough to be held between the thumb and forefinger.
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek is known as the father of microbiology because he discovered bacteria, protozoa, algae, fungi, and animalcules using his simple microscopes.
• Leeuwenhoek describes the algae spirogyra as animalcules or little animals