GEN ANA 1

• Anatomy


  The science of the structure and function of the body
• Clinical anatomy


  The study of the macroscopic structure and function of the body as it relates to the practice of medicine and other health sciences
• Basic anatomy


  The study of the minimal amount of anatomy consistent with the understanding of the overall structure and function of the body
• Anatomical terms


  Enable medical personnel to communicate with their colleagues both nationally and internationally
• Without anatomical terms, one cannot accurately discuss or record the abnormal functions of joints, the actions of muscles, the alteration of position of organs, or the exact location of swellings or tumors
• Anatomic position


  The person is standing erect, with the upper limbs by the sides and the face and palms of the hands directed forward
• Median sagittal plane


  A vertical plane passing through the center of the body, dividing it into equal right and left halves
• Paramedian planes


  Planes situated to one or the other side of the median plane and parallel to it
• Medial


  A structure situated nearer to the median plane of the body than another
• Lateral


  A structure that lies farther away from the median plane than another
• Coronal planes


  Imaginary vertical planes at right angles to the median plane
• Horizontal, or transverse, planes

  Planes at right angles to both the median and the coronal planes
• Anterior and posterior


  The front and back of the body, respectively
• Palmar and dorsal surfaces


  Used in place of anterior and posterior when describing the hand
• Plantar and dorsal surfaces

  Used in place of lower and upper surfaces when describing the foot
• Proximal and distal


  Relative distances from the roots of the limbs
• Superficial and deep


  Relative distances of structures from the surface of the body
• Superior and inferior


  Levels relatively high or low with reference to the upper and lower ends of the body
• Internal and external


  Relative distance of a structure from the center of an organ or cavity
• Ipsilateral


  The same side of the body
• Contralateral


  Opposite sides of the body
• Supine position


  Lying on the back
• Prone position


  Lying face downward
• Joint


  A site where two or more bones come together
• Flexion


  A movement that takes place in a sagittal plane, usually an anterior movement
• Extension


  Straightening the joint, usually in a posterior direction
• Lateral flexion


  A movement of the trunk in the coronal plane
• Abduction


  A movement of a limb away from the midline of the body in the coronal plane
• Adduction


  A movement of a limb toward the body in the coronal plane
• Rotation


  The movement of a part of the body around its long axis
• Medial rotation


  Movement that results in the anterior surface of the part facing medially
• Lateral rotation


  Movement that results in the anterior surface of the part facing laterally
• Pronation of the forearm

  Medial rotation of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly
• Supination of the forearm

  Lateral rotation of the forearm from the pronated position so that the palm of the hand faces anteriorly
• Circumduction


  The combination in sequence of the movements of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
• Protraction


  To move forward
• Retraction


  To move backward
• Inversion


  The movement of the foot so that the sole faces in a medial direction
• Eversion


  The opposite movement of the foot so that the sole faces in a lateral direction
• Epidermis


  A stratified epithelium whose cells become flattened as they mature and rise to the surface