EL FILIBUSTERISMO(FILIPINO)

• El Filibusterismo


  The second novel written by José Rizal as the sequel to Noli Me Tangere
• The title


  "The reign of Greed" in English
• Filibustero


  A dangerous patriot who will soon be hanged or a presumptuous man
• Rizal had to define the word filibustero to his German friend Ferdinand Blumentritt, who did not understand his use of the word in Noli Me Tangere
• Rizal confessed that he regretted very much having killed Elias instead of Ibarra in Noli Me Tangere
• Rizal was haunted by certain sad presentiments, and that he had been dreaming almost every night of dead relatives and friends a few days before his 29th birthday, that is why he wanted to finish the second part of the Noli at all costs
• Rizal apparently went in writing, for to his friend, Blumentritt, he wrote on March 29, 1891: "I have finished my book. Ah! I've not written it with any idea of vengeance against my enemies, but only for the good of those who suffer and for the rights of Tagalog humanity, although brown and not good-looking."
• Rizal moved to Ghent to have the book published at cheaper cost
• Rizal was forced to shorten the novel quite drastically, leaving only thirty-eight chapters compared to the sixty-four chapters of the first novel
• Rizal dedicated El Filibusterismo to the three martyred priests of Cavite mutiny
• Rizal's memory seemed to have failed him, though, for Father Gomez was then 73 not 85, Father Burgos 35 not 30 Father Zamora 37 not 35; and the date of execution 17th not 28th
• Rizal took 3 years to write his second novel
• Rizal began writing El Filibusterismo in October 1887 while he was in Calamba
• Rizal finally completed the book on March 29, 1891 in Biarritz
• September 18, 1891- the novel was published in Ghent, partially funded by Rizal's friend Valentin Ventura
• The original manuscript of El filibusterismo in Rizal's own handwriting is now preserved in the Filipiniana Division of the Bureau of Public libraries in Manila
• Objectives of Dr. Jose Rizal in writing the novel

  • To defend Filipino people from foreign accusations of foolishness and lack of knowledge
  • To show how the Filipino people live during Spanish colonial period and the cries and woes of his countrymen against abusive officials
  • To discuss what religion and belief can really do to everyday lives
  • To expose the cruelties, graft and corruption of the false government and honestly show the wrong doings of Filipinos that led to further failure
• Simoun


  Crisostomo Ibarra in disguise, left for dead at the end of Noli me tangere. Ibarra has resurfaced as the wealthy jeweler, Simoun, sporting a beard, blue-tinted glasses, and a revolver. Fueled by his mistreatment at the hands of the Spaniards and his fury at Maria Clara's fate, Simoun secretly plans a revolution to seek revenge against those who wronged him.
• Maria Clara


  She is the girlfriend of Ibarra. She is the daughter of Kapitan Tiago and Dona Pia Alba, but biologically, her father is Padre Damaso
• Basilio


  Son of Sisa and another character from Noli Me Tangere. After his mother's death, he became a vagabond until Captain Tiago took him in out of pity and hired him as a houseboy in exchange for sending him to school. In the events of the book, he is a graduating medical student who discovered Simoun's true identity and befriended him. His girlfriend is Juli.
• Juli


  Juliana de Dios, the girlfriend of Basilio, and the youngest daughter of Kabesang Tales. To claim her father from the bandits, she had to work as a maid under the supervision of Hermana Penchang. Eventually, she was freed but committed suicide after Father Camorra attempted to rape her.
• Isagani


  Basilio's friend and one of the students who planned to set up a new school. He is very idealistic and hopes for a better future for the Philippines. His girlfriend was the rich and beautiful Paulita Gomez, but they broke up once he was arrested. Despite this, his love for her still endured. He sabotaged Simoun's plans by removing the lamp that contained explosives and threw it in the waters.
• Juanito Pelaez


  The son of Don Timoteo Pelaez, a
• Basilio


  A vagabond until Captain Tiago took him in out of pity and hired him as a houseboy in exchange for sending him to school. In the events of the book, he is a graduating medical student who discovered Simoun's true identity and befriended him. His girlfriend is Juli.
• Juli (Juliana de Dios)

  Basilio's girlfriend, the youngest daughter of Kabesang Tales. To claim her father from the bandits, she had to work as a maid under the supervision of Hermana Penchang. Eventually, she was freed but committed suicide after Father Camorra attempted to rape her.
• Juanito Pelaez


  The son of Don Timoteo Pelaez, a Spanish businessman, he is also one of the members of Macaraig's gang who wish to have the Academia de Castellano built. He is considered by Isagani as his rival to Paulita Gomez, the woman whom he fell in love wed in the end. Placido Peninte considers him as a "good for nothing" classmate.
• Paulita Gomez


  The girlfriend of Isagani and the niece of Dona Victorina, the old Indio who passes herself off as a Peninsular, who is the wife of the quack doctor Tiburcio de Espadana. In the end, she and Juanito Pelaez are wed, and she dumps Isagani, believing that she will have no future if she marries him.
• Macaraig


  One of Isagani's classmates at the University of Santo Tomas. He is a rich student and serves as the leader of the students yearning to build the Academia de Castellano.
• Father Camorra


  The lustful parish priest of Tiani, San Diego's adjacent town who has longtime desires for young women. He nearly raped Juli causing the latter to commit suicide.
• Ben Zayb (Abraham Ibañez)


  A journalist who believes he is the "only" one thinking in the Philippines. Ben-Zayb is an anagram of Ybanez, an alternate spelling of his name.
• Don Custodio (Custodio de Salazar y Sánchez de Monteredondo)

  A famous "journalist" who was asked by the students about his decision for the Academia de Castellano. In reality, he is quite an ordinary fellow who married a rich woman in order to be a member of Manila's high society.
• Placido Penitente


  A student of the University of Santo Tomas who was very intelligent and wise but did not want, if not only by his mother's plea, to pursue his studies. He also controls his temper against Padre Millon, his physics teacher. During his High School days, he was an honor student hailing from Batangas.
• Kabesang Tales (Cabeza Telesforo Juan de Dios)


  A former cabeza de barangay (barangay head) of Sagpang, a barangay in San Diego's neighboring town Tiani, who resurfaced as the feared Luzón bandit Matanglawin. He is the son of Tandang Selo, and father of Juli and Tano.
• Gobernador General


  The highest-ranking official in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period, this unnamed character pretends that what he is doing is for the good of the Indios, the local citizens of the country, but in reality, he prioritizes the needs of his fellow Spaniards living in the country.
• Father Florentino


  Isagani's godfather, and a secular priest; was engaged to be married, but chose to be a priest after being pressured by his mother, the story hinting at the ambivalence of his decision as he chooses an assignment to a remote place, living in solitude near the sea. He took in Don Tiburcio de Espandaña when he was hiding from his wife, Donya Victorina.
• Quiroga


  A Chinese businessman who dreamed of being a consul for his country in the Philippines. He hid Simoun's weapons inside his house.
• Father Fernández


  The priest-friend of Isagani. He promised to Isagani that he and the other priests will give in to the students' demands.
• Pecson


  Classmate who had no idea on the happenings occurring around him. He suggested that they held the mock celebration at the panciteria
• Doña Victorina (Victorina delos Reyes de Espadaña)


  Known in Noli Me Tangere as Tiburcio de Espadaña's cruel wife. She is the aunt of Paulita Gomez, and favors Juanito Pelaez over Isagani. She is searching for her husband, who has left her and is in hiding. Although of Indio heritage, she considers herself as one of the Peninsular.
• Sandoval


  The vice-leader of Macaraig's gang. A Spanish classmate of Isagani, he coerces his classmates to lead alongside him the opening of the Spanish language academy.