Biology 10

• Pathway of the Egg

  ovary > fimbriae > fallopian tube > uterus
• pathway of the sperm

  vagina > cervix > uterus > fallopian tube
• hormones are chemical messengers to maintain homeostasis
• homeostasis is balance is the system
• hormones are produces by glands — this glands are part of the endocrine system
• pituitary gland is the master gland of the endocrine system
• pituitary gland is connect to every endocrine gland
• follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is produces by the pituitary gland
• luteinizing hormone (LH) is produced by the pituitary gland
• follicle-stimulating hormone signals sperm production and development of egg cell
• luteinizing hormone produce testosterone and the development of ovary, stimulation of estrogen and progesterone.
• estrogen is responsible for female sex characteristics
• estrogen is produced prior to ovulation
• progesterone prepares the body for pregnancy, prohibits muscle contractions, and secreted by ovary after ovulation.
• the hypothalamus produces GnRH which triggers LH and FSH release from the anterior pituitary gland
• menstruation - blood and other tissue shed from the uterus and leave through vagina
• menarche - start of menstruation.
• menarche or start of menstruation usually starts from 11 to 15 years old.
• menopause is when the ovary don't produce egg cell, making fertilization impossible.
• menopause starts from 45 to 55 years old.
• ovary release egg cell every 28 days
• flow / menstruation phase starts from day 1 to 5
• menstruation phase is when the uterus sheds blood

  • endometrium sheds ; follicle growth in ovary
  • estrogen and progesterone level are low
• follicle is where egg cell is formed
• follicular phase starts from day 6 to 13
• follicular phase is when the follicle starts to grow and mature

  • secrete estrogen
• ovulation comes in day 14
• • during ovulation the luteinizing hormone is at its peak
  • egg cell burst from the follicle and goes to fallopian tube
• luteal phase starts from day 15 to 28
• Luteal Phase - Luteinizing Hormone cause corpus leteum to develo from follicle
• corpus leteum secretes progesterone which thickens uterine wall, prevents further egg release, and maintains pregnancy if fertilization occurs.
• GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) is a hormone that stimulate the release of FSH and LH
• feedback mechanism is when one hormone influence another hormone
• Feedback Mechanism Positive

  • stimulates the increase of hormone
  • estrogen stimulates the production of GnRH and LH
• Feedback Mechanism Negative

  • stops the production of hormone
  • progesterone restrain the production of GnRH and LH