chem g10

• Biomolecules


  Also known as macromolecules. The large molecules needed for life.
• Classes of biomolecules


  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic Acids
• Monomer


  A building block that makes up larger molecules
• Carbohydrates


  Food sources high in carbohydrates include bread, pasta, fruit, and vegetables
• Monosaccharide


  The monomer of carbohydrates, such as the sugar glucose
• Disaccharide


  Two monosaccharides combined, such as the disaccharide maltose
• Polysaccharide


  Many monosaccharides combined into a large carbohydrate, such as starch and cellulose
• Carbohydrates


  • Provide a fast source of energy for cells
  • Make up cell walls in plants and fungi
• Lipids


  Include fats and oils, such as butter and olive oil
• Lipids


  • Generally hydrophobic or contain a significant hydrophobic component
  • Make up cell membrane structure
  • Provide long-term energy storage
  • Provide insulation, such as the myelin sheath and blubber
• Proteins


  Food sources include beans, meat, nuts, and eggs
• Amino acid


  The monomer of proteins
• Proteins


  • Make up structures like muscle tissue, hair, and collagen
  • Found embedded in cell membranes as protein channels and receptors
  • Most enzymes are made of proteins
  • Antibodies and some hormones are proteins
  • Many genes code for proteins
• Nucleic acids


  Include DNA and RNA
• Nucleotide


  The monomer of nucleic acids
• Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are found in all living things, including the food we eat
• Nucleic acids


  • Contain the genetic information needed to direct the activities of cells
• The major elements in biomolecules can be remembered with the mnemonic CHO, CHO, CHON, CHONP (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus)