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biomolecules
chem g10
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Biomolecules
Also known as
macromolecules.
The
large
molecules needed for life.
Classes of biomolecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Monomer
A
building block
that makes up
larger
molecules
Carbohydrates
Food sources high in carbohydrates include
bread
,
pasta
, fruit, and vegetables
Monosaccharide
The
monomer
of carbohydrates, such as the sugar
glucose
Disaccharide
Two monosaccharides combined, such as the disaccharide
maltose
Polysaccharide
Many
monosaccharides
combined into a large carbohydrate, such as
starch
and cellulose
Carbohydrates
Provide a
fast
source of energy for cells
Make up
cell walls
in plants and fungi
Lipids
Include
fats
and oils, such as butter and
olive oil
Lipids
Generally
hydrophobic
or contain a significant
hydrophobic
component
Make up
cell membrane
structure
Provide
long-term
energy storage
Provide
insulation
, such as the
myelin sheath
and blubber
Proteins
Food sources include beans, meat, nuts, and
eggs
Amino acid
The
monomer
of proteins
Proteins
Make up structures like
muscle
tissue,
hair
, and collagen
Found embedded in cell membranes as
protein
channels and
receptors
Most enzymes are made of
proteins
Antibodies and some hormones are
proteins
Many genes code for
proteins
Nucleic acids
Include
DNA
and
RNA
Nucleotide
The
monomer
of nucleic acids
Nucleic acids
like DNA and
RNA
are found in all living things, including the food we eat
Nucleic acids
Contain the
genetic
information needed to
direct
the activities of cells
The major elements in biomolecules can be remembered with the mnemonic CHO, CHO, CHON, CHONP (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen
,
phosphorus
)
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