added respiratory

• Functions of the Respiratory System


  • Gas exchange
  • Regulation of blood pH
  • Voice production
  • Olfaction
  • Innate immunity
• Nose


  External nose & nasal cavity
• Nasal cavity


  From nares/nostrils to choanae (openings into pharynx)
• Nasal septum


  Divides cavity into right & left
• Hard palate


  Floor; separates nasal from oral cavity
• Conchae


  Bony ridges on lateral walls of nasal cavity
• Paranasal sinuses


  Air-filled spaces with a bone; produce mucus, reduce weight of skull, acts as resonating chamber
• Nasolacrimal duct


  Carry tears from eyes & open into nasal cavity
• Pharynx/Throat


  Common passageway for respiratory & digestive systems
• Nasopharynx


  Superior part; associated with soft palate, uvula, pharyngeal tonsil
• Oropharynx


  Extends from uvula to epiglottis; where oral cavity opens; also with palatine & lingual tonsils
• Laryngopharynx


  Extends from tip of epiglottis to esophagus; where food & drink pass through but with small amount of air
• Larynx/Voice Box

  Consists of 9 cartilages, 3 unpaired & 6 form 3 pairs
• Thyroid cartilage/ Adam's apple


  Largest
• Cricoid cartilage


  Most inferior, forms base of larynx
• Epiglottis


  With elastic cartilage, covers opening of larynx
• Cuneiform, corniculate, arytenoid cartilages

  Paired & form an attachment site for vocal cords