1.2 Heredity: Inheritance and Variation

• Heredity : Inheritance and Variation
• Heredity

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  • transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
• Inheritance

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  • it is the acquisition / reception of genetic qualities of parents to offspring.
• Variation

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  • a state of having different traits and characteristics.
• Alleles

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  • alternate forms of a gene that control a trait.
• Genotype

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  • the genetic makeup of an organisms.
• Phenotype

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  • the physical appearance of an organisms.
• Incomplete dominance

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  • it is a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely dominant over the other allele.
• Examples of incomplete dominance

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  • Pink Carnation

  • Cream-colored mice

  • Orange Snapdragon

  • Palomino horse
• Codominance

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  • happens when both alleles are equally strong and, as an effect, both alleles are visible in the hybrid.
• Examples of Codominance

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  • Tabby fur cat

  • Erminette Chicken

  • Roan Cow

  • Blood Type AB
• Multiple Alleles

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  • there are more than two alleles that control a trait.
• Person who discovered ABO Blood Types

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  • Dr. Karl Landsteiner
• Blood types

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  • classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigens on the surface of Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
• Universal donor

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  • a person of blood group O
• Universal Recipient

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  • a person of blood group AB
• Sex Determination

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  • the process that determines the biological sex of an offspring and, as a result, the sexual characteristics that they will develop.
• Male Sex Chromosomes

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  • XY
• Female Sex Chromosomes

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  • XX
• Somatic Chromosomes or Autosomes

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  • this is the first 22 pairs of chromosomes.
• Sample disorder in 22 pairs chromosomes are :

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  • Chromosomes 7 (William Syndrome)

  • Chromosomes 12 (Dwarfism)

  • Chromosomes 15 (Prader-will Syndrome)
• 3 types of Sex Related Inheritance

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  • Sex Linked Genes

  • Sex Limited Traits

  • Sex Related Traits
• Sex Limited Traits

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  • generally AUTOSOMAL which means that they are not found on the X and Y chromosomes.
• Sex Related Traits

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  • are those that are expressed exclusively in one sex.
• Sex Linked Genes

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  • as related to genetics, refers to characteristics (or traits) that are influenced by genes carried on the sex chromosomes.
• X Linked Genes

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  Colorblindness

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  • is the common diseases happened in X chromosomes.

  
• Hemophilia

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  • condition that probably inherit from parents to genes.

  
• Y Linked Genes

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  Hypertrichosis Pinnae Auris

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  • genetic disorder in human than caused hairy ears and happened in Y chromosomes.