Operating system and information system

• Program


  A sequence of instructions that enables the computer to carry out some specific task
• Program execution


  1. Translated from source program into machine language

  2. Linked and loaded into memory
• Software components


  • System software
  • Application software
• System software


  A collection of essential programs and utilities designed to manage the computer's hardware, provide a platform for running application software, and create an operating environment that enables the user and applications to interact with the computer
• Functions of system software

  • Managing hardware resources
  • User interface
  • Run applications
  • File management
  • Security and access control
  • Error-detecting aid
  • Utility programs
• Application software


  User programs that solve specific problems for the users and execute under the control of the operating system
• Functions of application software


  • Manipulating data
  • Managing information
  • Calculating figures
  • Constructing visuals
  • Coordinating resources
  • Writing reports
  • Creating spreadsheets
  • Manipulating images
  • Keeping records
  • Developing websites
  • Calculating expenses
• Operating system


  A large and complex software component for the operation and control of the computer system that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer system
• Examples of operating systems

  • Unix
  • MS Windows
  • MacOS
  • Linux
  • Sun Solaris
  • DEC VMS
• Design goals of operating systems


  • User goals: convenient to use, easy to learn, reliable, safe, and fast
  • System goals: easy to design, implement, and maintain, as well as flexible, reliable, error-free, and efficient
• Services provided by the operating system

  • Process control, execution, scheduling
  • Communication between processes
  • File manipulation
  • Device manipulation
  • Information maintenance
  • Memory management
• Small and specialized operating systems

  Mobile OS that control mobile devices, are relatively simpler and smaller, focus on wireless broadband and local connectivity
• Examples of modern 64-bit operating systems

  • Windows (Microsoft Corporation)
  • Linux - Red hat, Ubuntu
  • MacOS (Apple)
  • Solaris (Sun Microsystems)
  • Windows Server
• System


  A set of components working together towards a common goal
• Information system


  Contains interrelated components that allow us to take and transform meaningless data into useful information for decision making
• Components of information systems

  • Technology (hardware, software, networks)
  • People & process
  • Data
• Role of information systems


  Transform data into information in order to generate knowledge that can be used for decision making
• Types of information systems

  • Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
  • Management Information Systems (MIS)
  • Decision Support Systems (DSS)
  • Executive Information Systems (EIS)
• Technology is everywhere and impacts all business disciplines
• Software ownership rights


  Specify the allowable use of the program, software license gives the right to use a software program and specifies the conditions
• Open source software


  Programs with source code made available to the general public
• Types of software licenses

  • Commercial/proprietary software
  • Shareware
  • Freeware
  • Open source software
• Desktop software


  Software used on personal computers
• Mobile software (apps)


  Software specifically designed for smartphones and other mobile devices
• Installed software


  Must be installed on the computer before it can be run, can be purchased physically or downloaded
• Cloud software (SaaS)


  Delivered on-demand via the web, advantages include accessibility from any computer, ease of implementation, improved collaboration, always using the latest version
• Airline apps are replacing paper manuals and maps, and providing additional passenger services
• Mobile ticketing allows downloading tickets to mobile devices for admission to events
• Software suites


  Collection of software programs bundled together and sold as a single software package, such as office suites with word processing, spreadsheet, database, and presentation software
• When firms cannot achieve business objectives, these objectives become challenges that information systems often present solutions for
• Success in today's job market requires a broad set of skills including problem-solving and technical skills, and the service sector will account for 95% of new jobs by 2030
• How information systems affect business careers

  • Accounting: Rely on information systems for financial records and analysis
  • Finance: Strong relationship between information systems and financial management, many advise co-majoring in information systems
  • Marketing: Undergone major technology-driven change, work with databases and enterprise systems
  • Operations management: Use hardware, software, and analytics for coordinating and optimizing resources
  • Management: Impossible to manage business today without information systems
  • Information systems: Fast changing and dynamic profession, require skills in new and emerging technologies
• Common requirements for all business majors include understanding how IT helps achieve business objectives, working with specialists, and addressing ethical, social, and legal issues