SCIENCE

• Angular acceleration

  Measure of how angular velocity changes over time
• Axis of rotation


  Imaginary or actual axis around which an object may rotate
• Tangential acceleration

  Change in linear velocity divided by time
• Radius

  Half of the circle's circumference
• Angular position


  Orientation of a body or figure with respect to a specified reference position as expressed by the amount of rotation necessary to change from one orientation to the other about a specified axis
• Angular velocity


  Rate of rotation around an axis usually expressed in radians or revolutions per second or per minute
• Angular displacement


  Property of matter by which it remains at rest or in uniform motion in the same straight line unless acted upon by some external force
• Kinematics


  Branch of dynamics that deals with aspects of motion apart from considerations of mass and force
• Linear velocity


  Rate of change of the position of an object that is traveling along a straight path
• Radian

  Angle whose corresponding arc in a circle is equal to the radius of the circle
• Torque


  Physical quantity closely related to rotation
• Law of Orbits

  1. First law explains that all planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus

  2. Planets move around the Sun in elliptical orbits
• Law of Areas


  Second law describes a line that connects a planet to the sun and sweeps out equal areas in equal times
• Law of Periods


  Third law is mathematically expressed as the square of the period of any planet is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit
• Frequency


  Number of cycles per unit of time from its equilibrium position
• Periodic


  Motion that is repeated at regular intervals of time
• Gravity


  Force that causes a body to accelerate towards the earth
• Equilibrium


  Position assumed by the body when it is not vibrating
• Cycle


  One complete to-and-from motion
• Amplitude


  Maximum displacement of body from its equilibrium position
• Velocity

  Change in displacement per unit time
• Acceleration

  Rate of change in velocity
• Simple Harmonic Motion


  Periodic motion where the restoring force is proportional to the displacement of the body from its equilibrium position
• Pendulum


  Any object which can swing freely from a pivot point
• Simple pendulum


  Mechanical system that exhibits periodic motion
• Physical pendulum


  System where the hanging object oscillates about a fixed axis that does not pass through its center of mass and the object cannot be approximated as a point mass
• Wave

  Periodic disturbance that travels through matter or space and transfers energy (not matter) from one location to another
• Mechanical waves


  Disturbances that transfer energy through a medium
• Medium


  Matter through which the waves travel
• Sinusoidal waves


  Produced when a periodic wave is in simple harmonic motion
• Transverse waves

  Source moves up and down
• Longitudinal waves


  Source moves left and right
• Crest


  Highest point or the peak of a transverse wave
• Trough


  Lowest point of a transverse wave
• Amplitude


  Maximum displacement of a particle on the medium from the equilibrium position
• Wavelength


  Distance between two successive crests or troughs
• Frequency


  Number of waves that pass a particular point for every one second
• Period


  Time required for one complete wave to pass a particular point
• Compression

  Area of high air pressure and at the same time with high molecular density
• Rarefaction

  Region of lower density and air pressure