ISP451

• Information System


  The combination of information technology, people and data to support business requirements
• Information Technology (IT)


  The combination of hardware and software products and services that people use to manage, access, communicate and share information
• Information System Components


  • Hardware
  • Software
  • Data
  • Process
  • People

  
• Hardware


  Everything in physical layer of the information system
• Software


  Programs that control the hardware and produce the desired information or results
• Data


  Raw material that an information system transforms into useful information
• Process


  Describe the tasks and business functions that users, managers and IT staff members perform to achieve specific results
• People


  Users; people who interact with an information system, both inside and outside the company
• Types of Information Systems

  • Transaction Processing System
  • Knowledge Management System
  • User Productivity System
  • Operation Support System
  • Management Information System
  • Decision Support System
  • Executive Support System
  • Management Support System
• Executive Support System (ESS)


  Designed to help senior management make strategic decisions. It gathers, analyses and summarizes the key internal and external information used in the business.
• Decision Support System (DSS)


  Specifically designed to help management make decisions in situations where there is uncertainty about the possible outcomes of those decisions. DSS comprise tools and techniques to help gather relevant information and analyze the options and alternatives.
• Management Information System (MIS)

  Mainly concerned with internal sources of information. MIS usually take data from the transaction processing systems and summarize it into a series of management reports. MIS reports tend to be used by middle management and operational supervisors.
• Knowledge Management System (KMS)

  Exist to help businesses create and share information. These are typically used in a business where employees create new knowledge and expertise - which can then be shared by other people in the organization to create further commercial opportunities.
• Transaction Processing System (TPS)

  Designed to process routine transactions efficiently and accurately. A business will have several TPS such as billing systems, payroll systems, production and purchasing systems, stock control systems.
• User Productivity System


  Systems that try to improve the productivity of employees who need to process data and information, such as office productivity software and remote working systems.
• Information Systems Development Methodology

  A framework to help in identifying milestones, structure activities and monitor deliverables.
• Software/System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

  The overall process of developing information systems through a multi-step process from investigation of initial requirements through analysis, design, implementation and maintenance.
• SDLC Steps


  • Requirements
  • Design
  • Software Development
  • Testing
  • Implementation
• SDLC Models


  • Waterfall Model
  • V-Model
  • Spiral Model
  • Rational Unified Process (RUP) Model
  • Prototyping Model
• Waterfall Model


  • Basic software process model, traditional way of developing software, suitable for big size projects, plan-driven, work in sequence, documentation based, well-understood milestones
• 1. Model


  • Verification and Validation model, sequential path of execution, testing planned in parallel with development, suitable for small to medium sized projects with clearly defined requirements
• Spiral Model


  • Suitable for multidisciplinary projects with complicated business processes, more emphasis on risk analysis, continuous iterative process
• RUP (Rational Unified Process)

  • Object oriented approach, iterative software development process framework, 4 phases: Inception, Elaboration, Construction, Transition
• Prototyping Model


  • Build, test and rework prototype until acceptable, works best when not all requirements known upfront, iterative trial-and-error process between developers and users