mussolini

• The cost of WWI was 148 billion lire
• Italy's national debt in 1914 was 16 billion lire
• Italy's national debt in 1919 was 85 billion lire
• Who benefitted from the inflation in Italy after the war

  Peasants (could pay off mortgages)
• Who lost jobs as a result of the war

  Soldiers
• Government spending being cut back

  Profits fell
• Why was there a lack of food

  Workers had abandoned agriculture for industry
• What was set up to replace trade unions to represent the workers

  Labour leagues
• The peacetime economy couldn't adapt as it was used to producing ammunition
• Materials bought into Italy that were very expensive

  Iron and steel
• Working hours increased to 75 per week
• Wages fell by 25%
• How many men did D'Annunzio lead into the Fiume

  2000
• The Fiume was taken for 15 months
• All men were given the vote in 1918
• Italy was denied Dalmatia
• The win in the war was referred to as

  Mutilated victory
• Liberals could not agree on the motives for the war
• The Pope denounced the war as 'useless slaughter'
• What faction of Socialism did industrial workers join

  Syndicalism
• The Socialist party won the 1919 elections
• Who feared the socialists overtaking

  Middle class
• Nationalists were angered by the lack of success in the war
• There were 6 different PMs between 1919-22
• 100 socialist sympathisers were killed by fascist squads during the May 1921 election campaign
• The name of the new Catholic Pope approved party

  Popolari
• The turnout of the 1919 election was 56.6%
• The Radical Party (2% of vote) was actually elected into the executive in 1919
• Mussolini's fascists won 0.45% (2 seats) of the vote in 1921
• Who were the Ras

  Local fascist leaders within their own squads
• Large landowners helped to fund fascism
• What did the King fear due to political divides

  Civil war
• Army generals sympathised with the fascists
• Mussolini called for an end to Squadrismo violence in 1921
• The Pact of Pacification was signed in August 1921 (signed with PSI hoping to make deals with Catholics and Liberals)
• The direction of policy started to become more violent in 1922
• The right wing, conservative New Programme was developed in May 1920
• 200,000 people supported fascism as a result of the New Programme
• 500,000 people participated in the 1920 strikes
• The PSI split into PSI and PCI in 1921