Alcohol

• Alcohol


  Organic compound used as a reagent, solvent, and fuel
• Four most common alcohols

  • Methyl alcohol
  • Ethyl alcohol
  • Propyl alcohol
  • Isopropyl alcohol
• Ethanol


  The commonly used alcohol
• Methanol


  The simplest alcohol
• Methanol is also called "wood alcohol"
• Oxygen


  Used as an anesthetic for surgical procedures
• Ethers


  Two alkyl groups joined
• Ethers


  • Diethyl ether
  • Dimethyl ether
• Dimethyl ether


  Used as a refrigerant
• Aldehydes


  Consist of a carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen atom
• Formaldehyde


  The simplest aldehyde, also called methanal
• Formaldehyde is used as a disinfectant and a preservative
• Ketone


  Functional group characterized by a carbonyl group
• Acetone


  The simplest example of a ketone, also called propanone
• Acetone is used in nail polish remover
• Carboxylic acids


  Used in the production of polymers, pharmaceuticals, solvents, and food additives
• Esters


  Products formed in the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
• Viscosity


  A measure of a liquid's resistance to flow
• Volatility


  A measure of the tendency of a compound to turn into a gaseous state
• Flammability


  A measure of how easily a material burns
• Periods of English history

  • Ancient times (before 6th century A.D.)
  • Middle Ages/Medieval times (5th - 15th century)
  • The Renaissance
• Ancient times

  • The Romans found the land inhabited by the Britons or Celts
  • The Britons/Celts were conquered by the Anglo-Saxons
  • The Anglo-Saxons brought the Germanic language to the land, which eventually replaced Latin
  • Christian missionaries converted the pagans
  • King Alfred, the first king, brought order and prosperity to the land
• Middle Ages/Medieval times

  • The Normans conquered the land under William, Duke of Normandy, in 1066
  • St. Augustine, the first Bishop of Canterbury, converted the Saxons
  • Christianity remained a powerful influence, but some church leaders became abusive and corrupt
  • The Feudal system was established where vassals (tenants) showed obedience and loyalty to their lord in exchange for security and protection
  • The chivalric code became the basis of morals and manners for the nobility class
  • It rekindled the people's curiosity of philosophy, religion, and science
  • The Hundred Years' War between England and France started, ending in 1453 with England losing many of its lands to France
  • The period was interrupted by the Bubonic plague that killed half of England's population, a period called the "Dark Ages"
• Christopher Columbus set foot in what is now known as the United States of America

  1992
• The table below compares significant events for both the United States and England