PN: LU 5 - LEGAL & ETHICS IN NP CONTEMPORARY NP IN MALAYSIA

• What is the important elements in Ethics?

  1. Values - Beliefs that motivate people to act one way or another( a guide )
  2. Morals - standards of behaviour that guide on actions to establish rules( right or wrong decisions move are made )
  3. Bioethics - Ethical implications and applications at health related life sciences
• State the types of ethics?

  • Meta-ethics - focus on universal truths, how & where ethical principles developed ( eg; Stating what is right and wrong )
  • Normative - Focus on moral standards tha regulate behaviour ( eg; questioning the statement either right or wrong )
  • Applied - Focus on specific issue ( eg; moral considerations )
• 7 Ethical Principles

  1. Accountability ( answerable )
  2. Autonomy ( freedom make decisions)
  3. Beneficence ( doing good to others )
  4. Fidelity ( faithful )
  5. Non-maleficence ( no harm )
  6. Justice ( equity, fairness)
  7. Veracity ( honest w/ pt )
• Theories of Ethics?

  1. Deontology ( Act and Rule ) ( Act - gather info & make decisions. Rule - Guide action & not concerned with consequences)
  2. Utilitarianism ( determined by its consequences)
  3. Principalism ( Analyse & act on ethical dilemma)
• Ethical Dilemma and issues that arise?

  • Personal Value systems
  • Peers & other’s professiona’s behaviour ( cooperation & collaboration with other professionals)
  • Patient’s right ( Human accessibility to health )
  • Patient’s data access issues ( protect information from unauthorised use)
  • Abortion
  • Euthanasia
  • Futile Care
• What is the 4 Fundamental responsibilities?

  1. To promote health
  2. to prevent illness
  3. to restore health
  4. to alleviate suffering
• Ways for Moral decisions making

  1. Clarify the ethical dilemma ( 5W1H )
  2. Gather additional data ( Calrity enhanced )
  3. Identify Options ( more options more acceptable solutions)
  4. Make decisions
  5. Act
  6. Evaluate ( Reflects, deliberate, re-examine alternative options)