Test 1

• Cells


  are the basic structure of all living organisms
• Organism


  a contagious living system that can metabolize, grow, and adapt
• Unicellular


  organism that consists of one cell
• Multicellular


  organism made up of many cells
• Microscopic Organism 


  cannot be seen by the human eye without the use of microscope
• Macroscopic Organism


  can be seen by the plain human eye
• Microscope


  Instrument used to magnify a tiny object
• Cellula


  small compartment
• Micrographia 


  detailed handbook on microscopy
• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 


  The father of microbiology; he discovered the protists and bacteria; discovered the first microscope.
• Matthias Jakob Schleiden 


  a professor of botany in Germany. He stated that all plants are composed of cells
• Theodor Schwann 


  a professor of physiology at the University of Belgium. He stated several tissues in which he stated that the animals are composed of cells
• Theory of spontaneous Generation


  states that organisms came from non-living things
• Francesco Redi


  was able to disprove the theory that maggots could be spontaneously generated from meat using a controlled experiment.
• John Needham 


  believed that life can arise spontaneously. He repeated Redi's experiment but yielded different result because he was not successful in killing all microbes while boiling broth.
• Lazzaro Spallanzani 


  disagreed to the theory theory of spontaneous generation after observing absence of small organisms in some chicken broth
• Louis Pasteur 


  disproved spontaneous generation through an experiment where beef broth was sterilized through boiling in two flasks, one that was exposed to air and another that was protected from it
• Plasma Membrane 


  provides the structure for the cell
• Plant cells


  contain plastids, which provide color and acts a storage.
• Chloroplasts


  are form a form of plastids containing chlorophyll, providing the green color and is used by plants to make food.
• cytoplasm


  contains all organelles inside the nucleus
• Endoplasmic reticulum 


  where protein synthesis happens in a cell
• Rough Endoplasmic reticulum 


  translation of new proteins
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

  synthesizes lipids, phospholipids and steroids.
• Golgi Apparatus 


  where the proteins are processed and packaged
• Lysosome 


  the suicide bag of the cell, it is where cell waste is digested
• Mitochondrion


  Singular; the power house of the cell

  Mitochondria; plural; taking in nutrients and breaking them down into usable energy molecules for the cell.
• Ribosomes


  protein manufacturer of the cell
• Vacuole

  found in plant cells, where the plant stores nutrients and waste
• Cytoskeleton 


  gives structure to the cell
• Centriole 


  cylinder-like structure found in pairs that plays a role in cell division
• Nucleus 


  The control center of the cell; contains chromosomes
• Protoplasm 


  colorless material that includes cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cell
• Diffusion 


  molecules moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
• Osmosis 


  water moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. this happens across a semi-permeable membrane that only lets certain molecules pass through
• Hypotonic solution 


  has lower concentration of solute than the cell, making the cell swell as water enters the cell
• Hypertonic solution 


  has a higher concentration of solute than the cell. making the cell shrink as water leaves the cell.
• Isotonic Solution 


  has equal concentration, therefore the cell neither shrink nor swells
• Cell Cycle


  a series of events that takes place in a cell as its grows and divides
• Interphase 


  phase of the cell in which a typical cell spends most of its life. During this phase, the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis