MSM of memory

• The MSM was proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin(1968)
• Limitations of MSM are as follows:

  lacks control variables(researcher has no way of knowing what happened to the participant before or during injury)

  -difficult to judge how worse it is afterwards

  -limits what clinical studies can tell us about different types of LTM

  
  

  conflciting neuroimaging evidence

  Randy Buckner and Steven Petersen(1996)- concluded that semnatic memory is located on the left side of the prefontal cortex and episodic memory is on the right.

  Comparison to Tulving etal.(1994)- left prefontal cortex with encoding of episodic memories, and right with epsiodic retrieval.
• How does the case study of Hm relate to the MSM?

  -he remembered little of personal and worldwide events that have occured over the past 45 years, but his STM remembered intact.
• Craik and Lockhart is a weakness of the MSM.
• What did Craik and Lockhart(1972) suggest?

  Level of Processing model-

  repition of information imrpoves memorisation(reharsal)only when done in depth and to be stored semantically(to LTM)
• Squire is a strength of the MSM.
• What did Squire's 1992 neuro physiological evidence from fMri scans show?

  the role of the hippocampus in memory function

  worked with humans,monkeys, rats

  proposes multiple memory systems with different functions and organisations.
• Why had HM undergone surgery?

  to reduce his seizures, though they did not know at the time(1953) thyat the hippocampus was essential for making memories.
• What did Hm suffer with?

  Retrograde memory loss(loss of memory prior to brain damage)

  could not remember memories from the last 11 years of his life(he was 27)
• What did HM global amenisa mean he could not do?

  he could not learn new words,songs or faces after his surgery, forgot who he was talking to as soon as he turned away, didn't know how old he was or if his parents were alive or dead, and never again clearlyremembered an event, such as his birthday party, or who the current president of the United States was.
• What did Glanzer and Cunitz(1966) experiment support?

  STM and the importance of rehearsal.
• Limitations of  Glanzer and Cunitz(1966)?

  -lacks ecologicasl validity

  -rise of participant variables as a use of independent measures(eg one condition could have consisted of people with naturally better memory)
• What are some strengths of Glanzer and Cunitz(1966)?

  -well controlled lab experiment

  -DV measured quantitavely which means the results are easy to compare and analyse statistically
• What is the recency effect according to Glanzer and Cunitz(1966)?

  last 5 words of the list remembered.
• What is the primary effect according to Glanzer and Cunitz(1966)?

  tendency for people to remeber the first 5 words of a list.
• What was Glanzer and Cunitz(1966) experiment?

  showed participants a list of 20 words, presented one at a time, and then asked them to recall.
• Sperling measured sensory memory.
• Some strengths of sperlings experiment were that lab experiment,high control of extraneous variables,easily replicable due to reliable findings
• Sperlings theory suggests that sensory memory cannot hold information for long decays rapidly
• Sperlings findings?

  42% recalled 5 items

  75% recalled 3 item
• How did Sperling (1980) measure sensory memory?

  Participants saw a grid of letters for 50 milliseconds.They then had to try rememebr these 12 letters.
• One strength is research support from Baddeley, who conducted an experiment to show the difference between STM and LTM.From his experiment, he found that we tend to mix up words that sound similar when we are using our STMs, but mix up words with similar meanings in LTM.This s

  uggests that both memory stores are seperate, as claimed by MSM.