Gen. Science

• Science


  An organized body of knowledge gathered over a long period of time to explain the world we live in
• Science


  Knowledge or a system covering general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method
• Scientific Method


  1. Identifying the problem (Questioning)

  2. Gathering Preliminary data

  3. Formulating a hypothesis

  4. Testing of the hypothesis

  5. Analysis and Interpretation of data

  6. Drawing of Conclusion
• Independent Variable


  Variable changed by the experimenter
• Dependent Variable


  Variable that responds to the variable that is changed in the experiment
• Experimental group


  Groups that receive treatment
• Control group


  Opposite of Experimental
• Hypothesis


  What we think the answer to the question is and it should stated in terms of the variables defined
• Scientific law


  A description of a natural occurrence that has been observed many times
• Scientific theory


  A reasonable explanation of a scientific law. It is derived from a hypothesis that has been supported by repeated testing
• Model


  Helps visualize occurrences and objects that cannot be observed directly
• Scientific laws and theories cannot be proven absolutely. They are maintained as all observations support them
• Metric system


  Used in all measurements for its convenience and simplicity
• International System of Units (SI) base quantities and units

  • Mass (Kilogram, kg)
  • Length (Meter, m)
  • Time (Second, s)
  • Amount of Substance (Mole, mol)
  • Temperature (Kelvin, K)
  • Electric current (Ampere, A)
  • Luminous intensity (Candela, cd)
• Significant digits


  No. of certain digits + one certain digit (0 or 5)
• Metric ruler


  • 9.00 cm
• Converting metric units

  1. Mega (10^6)

  2. Kilo (10^3)

  3. Deka (10^2)

  4. Hector (10^1)

  5. Base unit (10^0)

  6. Deci (10^-1)

  7. Centi (10^-2)

  8. Milli (10^-3)

  9. Micro (10^-6)
• Converting 37.5 cg to grams


  • 0.375 g
• Major regions of the Earth

  • Lithosphere
  • Hydrosphere
  • Atmosphere
  • Biosphere
• Igneous rocks


  Formed from hardened magma and lava
• Igneous rocks


  • Rhyolite
  • Granite
  • Basalt
• Sedimentary rocks


  Form from deposited fragments or particles of other rocks that have been weathered and eroded
• Sedimentary rocks


  • Limestone
  • Conglomerate
  • Dolomite
  • Shale
• Metamorphic rocks


  Rocks that have undergone changes due to heat and pressure
• Rocks are made up of minerals which are either elements or compounds
• Weathering


  All processes which combine to cause the disintegration and chemical alteration of rocks at or near earth surface
• Erosion


  Includes all the process of loosening, removal, and transportation which tend to wear away the earth's surface
• Lithification


  The conversion of unconsolidated sediment into solid rock
• Carbohydrates


  Building blocks: monosaccharides
• Carbohydrates


  • sucrose (table sugar)
  • maltose
  • amylase
• Fats/Lipids


  Molecules that serve as another source of energy after carbohydrates
• Fats/Lipids


  Elemental composition: C, H, O
• Fats/Lipids


  Building blocks: fatty acids and a glycerol backbone
• Fats/Lipids


  • waxes
  • oils
  • cholesterol
• Proteins


  Molecules that serve as sources of building materials
• Proteins


  Elemental composition: C, H, O, N, S
• Proteins


  Building blocks: amino acids
• Proteins


  • amylase
  • actin
  • myosin
• Nucleic Acids


  Include the RNA's and the DNA's
• Nucleic Acids


  Elemental composition: C, H, O, N, P