Electrostatics

• Conductor


  Valence electrons are weakly bound to the atomic lattice and are free to move about from atom to atom.
• Insulators


  Valence electrons are tightly bound to the atomic lattice and are fixed in position.
• Semiconductors


  Valence electrons within the crystal structure of the material are not as strongly bound to the atomic lattice and, if given enough energy, may become mobile and free to move just as in a conductor.
• Electric Field


  is the region around a charged particle/ body in which if another charge is placed, it experiences coulomb force
• Capacitance


  Charge required to increase the potential of a conductor by a unit
• Capacitors in Parallel

  
• Capacitors in Series

  
• No current


  If a conductor wire is not connected to a power supply, the free electrons within it move randomly in all directions
• Direct Current (DC)


  If the wire is given energy by a battery, electrons drift toward the positive pole of the power supply. if the charge flows in one direction
• Alternating current (AC)


  Electrical grid electricity runs on an alternating current (AC) supply. The charge changes direction periodically, sending the electrons first one away and then the other
• Electromotive Force


  Maximum work done in taking a unit charge once around the closed circuit.
• EMF, � of a battery


  Maximum potential difference between the two electrodes of the cell when no current is drawn from the battery
• Voltage


  The potential difference created by an EMF source to cause current in closed circuits
• Electrical Resistance, R


  The property of a substance to oppose the flow of charge through it.
• Resistivity


  Dependent on the nature of resistor and its physical conditions (i.e. temperature and pressure)
• Resistors In Series

  
• Resistors in Parallel