UCSP

• Sex


  Biological differences that distinguishes humans and other animals into two main categories: male and female
• Biological differences between males and females

  • Variation in chromosomal structure (XX for female, XY for male)
  • Variation in hormone production (more testosterone for males, more estrogen for females)
  • Variation in internal and external reproductive organs (penis and testes for males, vagina and ovaries for females)
• Sex is in-born and is purely biological in nature
• Gender


  Social, cultural, psychological characteristics that a culture assigns to males and females
• Types of gender

  • Masculine
  • Feminine
• Gender role


  Culturally-assigned tasks and activities to sexes
• Gender roles

  • Males handling physically demanding activities like construction work
  • Females handling domestic activities like child-rearing and house chores
• In many societies, gender and gender roles are highly attached to one's sex
• Sex-gender system


  How gender and gender roles are a product of one's biological sex
• In a society with the sex-gender system, it is normal and expected for males to be masculine and females to be feminine
• This is not always the case, especially in contemporary and modern societies