Plant development - is the process by which plants acquire their final form and function. Regulated by genetic and environmental factors and involves a series of stages such as seed germination, vegetative growth, and reproduction.
Phytohormones - chemical messengers that regulate various aspects of plant growth and development.
Auxins: cell elongation, apical dominance, and phototropism.
Cytokinin: cell division, shoot formation, and delay of senescence.
Gibberellins: stem elongation, seed germination, and fruit development.
Abscisic acid: stress response and seed dormancy
Ethylene: fruit ripening, leaf and flower senescence, and the response to stress