Definitions

• OCD

  = characterised by either obsessions (recurring thoughts) and or compulsions (repetitive behaviours)
• Behavioural characteristics of OCD

  -compulsions are repetitive= feel compelled to repeat a behaviour eg: hand washing, tidying, counting

  • compulsions reduce anxiety= compulsive behaviours are performed in an attempt to manage the anxiety produced by obsessions. eg: compulsive checking that a door is locked is in response to the obsessive thought that it might not be secure.
  • avoidance= attempt to reduce anxiety by keeping away from situations that trigger it. But it can lead to avoiding ordinary situations so can interfere with normal life.
• Emotional characteristics of OCD

  -anxiety and distress= OCD is regarded as an unpleasant experience due to powerful anxiety that accompanies obsessions and compulsions. Obsessive thoughts are unpleasant and frightening and anxiety can be overwhelming. The urge to repeat a behaviour creates anxiety.

  • accompanying depression= anxiety can be accompanied by low mood and a lack of enjoyment in activities. Compulsive behaviour tends to bring some relief from anxiety.
  • guilt and disgust= involves irrational guilt over minor moral issues.
• Cognitive characteristics of OCD

  -obsessive thoughts= 90% with OCD have obsessive thoughts.

  • cognitive coping strategies= help deal with obsessions which may help manage anxiety but can make a person appear abnormal.
  • insight into excessive anxiety= aware that their obsessions and compulsions arent rational. If someone really believed their obsessive thoughts were based on reality that would be a symptom. People with OCD experience thoughts about the worst case scenarios that might result if their anxieties were justified.