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• NG SAGISAG NG PANGULO PILIPINAS


  Symbol of the President of the Philippines
• Branches of the Government

  • Legislative
  • Executive
  • Judicial
• Legislative Branch


  Makes laws, alters, and repeals them through the power vested in the Philippine Congress
• Philippine Congress

  • Senate
  • House of Representatives
• Senate

  • 24 Senators elected at large by the qualified voters of the Philippines
• House of Representatives

  • Not more than 250 members, 20% must be Party-list representatives
• Legislative process

  1. Bills

  2. Resolutions
• Bills


  Laws in the making, passed into law when approved by both houses and the President
• Resolutions


  Convey principles and sentiments of the Senate or the House of Representatives
• 3 Elements of a Resolution

  • Joint
  • Concurrent
  • Simple
• Joint Resolution


  Require the approval of both chambers of Congress and the signature of the President, and have the force and effect of a law if approved
• Concurrent Resolution


  Used for matters affecting the operations of both chambers of Congress and must be approved in the same form by both houses, but are not transmitted to the President for his signature and therefore have no force and effect of a law
• Simple Resolution


  Deal with matters entirely within the prerogative of one chamber of Congress, are not referred to the President for his signature, and therefore have no force and effect of a law
• Executive Branch


  Composed of the President and the Vice President who are elected by direct popular vote and serve a term of six years
• President


  • Head of State and Head of Government, Commander-in-chief of AFP, Controls all the executive departments, bureaus, and offices
• Powers of the President

  • Power of control over the executive branch
  • Ordinance power
  • Power over aliens
  • Powers of eminent domain, escheat, land reservation and recovery of ill-gotten wealth
  • Power of appointment
  • Power of general supervision over local governments
  • Other powers
• Ordinance power


  Power to give executive issuances, which are means to streamline the policy and programs of an administration
• Executive issuances

  • Executive orders
  • Administrative orders
  • Proclamations
  • Memorandum orders
  • Memorandum circulars
  • General or special orders
• Powers over aliens


  Deport foreigners from the country after due process, Change the status of a foreigner, Overrule the Board of Commissioners of the Bureau of Immigration before their decision becomes final and executory
• Power of eminent domain


  The state has the power to seize or authorize the seizure of private property for public use with just compensation
• Power of appointment


  The President may appoint officials of the Philippine government as provided by the constitution and laws, some appointments may need the approval of the Committee on Appointments
• Power of general supervision over local governments

  The President has the mandate to supervise local governments in the Philippines, despite their autonomous status
• Duties of the Vice President


  May concurrently assume a cabinet position, Mandated to assume the presidency in case of the death, disability, or resignation of the incumbent President
• Functions of a Cabinet Secretary


  Act as the alter ego of the President executing, with his authority, the power of the Office of the President in their respective departments
• Local Government


  The President is mandated to supervise local governments all over the country, but local governments enjoy relative autonomy from the national government
• Judiciary


  Judicial power rests with the Supreme Court and the lower courts, its duty is to settle actual controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable
• Supreme Court


  • Has the power of Judicial Review to declare a treaty, international or executive agreement, law, presidential decree, proclamation, order, instruction, ordinance or regulation unconstitutional
• Appointments to the Judiciary


  Made by the President of the Philippines based on a list submitted by the Judicial and Bar Council which is under the supervision of the Supreme Court
• Courts


  • Supreme Court
  • Court of Appeals
  • Sandiganbayan
  • Court of Tax Appeals
  • Regional Trial Courts
  • Metropolitan Trial Courts
  • Municipal Trial Courts in Cities
  • Shari'a District Courts
  • Municipal Trial Courts
  • Municipal Circuit Trial Courts
  • Shari'a Circuit Courts