Finals

• Lone-Wolf


  An individual who watches, plans and commits violent acts alone, outside of any command structure and without material assistance from any group
• Lone-Wolf's tactics and methods


  Conceived and directed solely by the individual, without any command or direction
• The Lone Wolf never has personal contact with the group they identify with
• Ideologies of Lone-Wolves


  • Anarchist
  • Conservatives
  • Right-wing
  • Nationalist
• Special interests of Lone-Wolves

  • Religion
  • Environment
  • Anti-abortion
  • Political
• Minority Nationalistic Groups


  Groups fighting the majority of the community where the support base will depend on ethnic, religion, linguistic minorities at odd with the majority community
• Marxist Revolutionary Groups


  Characterized by its possession of a coherent Marxist ideology and of a long term strategy for bringing about the socialistic revolution
• Anarchist Groups


  True Anarchist are difficult to find since true anarchy brings lawlessness and disorder, which is not a natural state in which the human race exists
• Pathological Groups


  Problematic individuals who are grouped together for some terrorist activities for emotional satisfaction
• Hostage taking


  Hostages are usually separated in safe houses to prevent communications and escape, planning, and intelligence gathering
• Terrorist Tactics


  • Bombing
  • Arson
  • Hijacking
  • Assassinations
  • Ambush
  • Kidnapping
  • Hostage Taking
  • Robberies/Extortions
• Hostage Negotiation


  The general tendency of Hostage Taker is to use the hostages on personal motives to gain much needed revenge in the situation
• Hostage Situations


  • Unpredictability of human behavior
  • Hostage takers, hostages and even the negotiators can become sad and stressed out of the long period of crisis intervention
  • Possibility of the Stockholm's Syndrome
• Stages of a Hostage Situation

  • Alarm Stage
  • Crisis Stage
  • Accommodation Stage
  • Resolution Stage
• Types of Hostage Taker Behavior

  • Instrumental Behavior
  • Expressive Behavior
• Mentally Disturbed Hostage Takers


  Suffer from different kinds of psychological needs, may or may not be in touch with reality, can be loners, act in accordance with non-existing internal force or on a false belief
• Types of Mental Disorders in Hostage Takers

  • Psychoses
  • Delusion
  • Hallucination
  • Paranoia
  • Schizophrenia
  • Catatonic State
  • Hebephrenic State
  • Neurosis
  • Manic Depressive Personality
  • Inadequate Personality
  • Anti-Social Personality
  • Estranged Person
• Terrorists


  Groups creating chaos through assassinations, bombing, arson and other forms of malicious destruction of properties
• Barricaded Criminals


  Robbers cornered by the police while in the act of committing their crime, either barricaded in a building, roadblock or getaway car
• Prisoner Hostage Takers


  Haunted by boredom, get tired and hostile due to strict implementation of house rules, routine and peer prison conditions
• Negotiation Models


  • Bargaining Negotiation Approach
  • Expressive Negotiation Approach
• Hallmarks of successful hostage taking/kidnapping include: Blending of tactical response and behavior know-how, development of tactics, use of blocking and containment forces, expertise in use of weapons, deployment of instant communication, use of behavioral experts, cool headed and professional leadership
• Incident Scene Management


  1. Incident scene shall be secured and isolated

  2. Unauthorized person/s shall not be allowed for entry and exit to the incident scene

  3. Witness/es name/s, addresses and other information shall be recorded. Witness shall be directed to a safe location
• Ground Commander


  The only person responsible for the command in the crisis
• Negotiator


  Designated by the Ground Commander, no one shall be allowed to talk to the hostage taker without clearance from the negotiating panel or ground commander
• Assault Team


  Alerted for deployment in case the negotiation fails, members shall wear authorized and easily recognizable uniform during the conduct of the operations
• Assault Plan


  Planned to ensure minimal threat to life
• Support Personnel


  An ambulance with medical crew and a fire truck shall be detailed at the incident
• Coordination


  Proper coordination with all participating elements shall be done to consolidate efforts in solving crisis
• Safety of Hostage/s


  In negotiating for the release of a hostage, the safety of the hostage shall always be paramount