Test Review

• Which of the following respiratory volumes is the largest?

  Vital capacity (VC)
• The major function of the respiratory system is to _________________.

  Supply the body with O2 and dispose of CO2
• Smoking destroys cilia in the respiratory passageways, such as the trachea. Which of the following is a likely consequence of damaged cilia?

  Inability to propel mucus from lungs to the throat
• Exchange of both oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane occurs by _______________________.

  Simple diffusion
• What role do the tonsils play in the respiratory system?

  Tonsils protect the body from infection
• Which of the following is NOT a function of the mucosa lining the nasal conchae and nasal cavity?

  Serve as a partition between the oral and nasal cavities
• The pharyngotympanic tubes, which drain the middle ear, open into the ____________.

  Nasopharynx
• Name the brain center that sets the basic rhythm of inspiration and expiration.

  Medulla
• Which of the following is NOT true during inspiration?

  Intrapleural pressure becomes equal to atmospheric air pressure
• Expiration(exhalation) occurs when _____________.

  The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
• Which zone includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli and is where gas exchange occurs?

  Respiratory zone
• Which of the following respiratory system disorders or defects is INCORRECTLY paired with its brief description?

  Sudden infant death syndrome- inadequate production of surfactant
• Pick the correct order for the path followed by an oxygen molecule as it travels from the outside to the lungs.

  1. primary bronchi

  2. laryngopharynx

  3. nasal cavity

  4. external nares

  5. glottis

  6. oropharynx

  7. secondary bronchi

  8. larynx

  9. nasopharynx

  10. trachea

  4-3-9-6-2-5-8-10-1-7
• Which two variables dictate the mechanics of breathing (pulmonary ventilation)?

  Pressure and volume
• In the pulmonary circuit, Which gas diffuses from the blood of the pulmonary capillaries into the alveoli to be exhaled?

  CO2
• The main stimulus for increasing the breathing rate and depth of the lungs involves _______.

  An increase in the level of CO2 in the blood
• Which inspiratory muscles contract so we can inspire air?

  Diaphragm; external intercostals
• In order to expire air, which of the following must occur?

  Intrapulmonary volume decreases as the inspiratory muscles and diaphragm relax and return to their resting positions
• __________ volume is the air moved into and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing and is apparently 500 ml of air.

  Tidal
• The condition whereby the respiratory alveoli become enlarged and maybe replaced by fibrous tissue is known as

  Emphysema
• Which of the following statements regarding expiration is FALSE?

  Expiration in healthy people is a largely active process, which relies on muscle contraction of the internal intercostal muscles
• What forms the respiratory membrane (air-blood barrier)?

  The fused basement membranes of alveolar and pulmonary capillary walls
• Air in the conducting zone airways that does not contribute to gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood is called _______________.

  Dead space volume
• Oxygen diffuses from the bloodstream into surrounding cells and tissues during___________.

  Internal respiration
• The largest amount of CO2 is carried in the blood in the form of

  Bicarbonate ions