1.2 cell division

• Cell Cycle


  The series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication
• Chromosomes


  DNA molecules combined with proteins
• Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
• Therapeutic Cloning


  • Enables production of large numbers of disease-resistant plants
  • Embryo cloned with the same genetic makeup as the patient → no rejection
• Stem Cells


  Unspecialised cells capable of differentiating into other cell types and of self-renewal
• Interphase


  Cell grows in size, synthesises new organelles
• Mitosis


  1. DNA replicates

  2. Chromosomes separated to opposite poles of the cell

  3. Produces two genetically identical cells
• Plant Cells


  • Can differentiate into any kind of plant cell during the plant’s life
  • Meristem cells
• Embryonic Stem Cells


  • Can differentiate into most types of human cells
• Bone marrow stem cells


  • Can differentiate into some types of cell e.g. blood cells
• Treatment


  • e.g. diabetes
  • paralysis
• Plant meristem cloning


  • Protection of rare species from extinction
  • Carry genes
• A section of DNA which codes for a protein
• stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can develop into various specialized cell types and have the potential to repair and regenerate damaged tissues in the body.
• meristem cells are plant cells that have the ability to continuously divide and differentiate into various types of plant cells, contributing to growth and development.
• cytoplasm division is the process where the cytoplasm of a cell divides during cell division, ensuring each daughter cell receives a portion of the cytoplasmic contents.