Science

• What is the primary function of cell division in organisms?

  To survive and grow
• What do chromosomes contain?

  Genetic information
• Where is genetic material found in most cells?

  In the nucleus
• What are chromosomes made of?

  Coiled up lengths of DNA molecules
• What do different genes on chromosomes control?

  The development of different characteristics
• How many copies of each chromosome do body cells normally have?

  Two copies
• From whom do organisms inherit their chromosomes?

  One from the mother and one from the father
• How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

  23 pairs
• What is the cell cycle and its purpose?

  • A series of stages that body cells go through to divide
  • Produces new cells for growth, development, and repair
• What is the stage of the cell cycle when the cell divides called?

  Mitosis
• Why do multicellular organisms use mitosis?

  To grow or replace damaged cells
• What is the result of the cell cycle?

  Two new cells identical to the original cell
• What are the two main stages of the cell cycle?

  1. Growth
  2. DNA Replication
• What happens to DNA in a cell that is not dividing?


  The DNA is spread out in long strings
• What must a cell do before it divides?

  Grow and increase the amount of subcellular structures
• What happens to DNA during the cell division process?

  It duplicates to form X-shaped chromosomes
• What do the arms of the X-shaped chromosomes represent?

  Exact duplicates of each other
• What occurs during mitosis regarding the chromosomes?

  The chromosomes line up at the center of the cell and are pulled apart
• What forms around each set of chromosomes after they are pulled apart?

  Membranes that become the nuclei of the two new cells
• What happens to the cytoplasm and cell membrane during cell division?

  They divide to produce two new daughter cells
• What is true about the DNA in the daughter cells after mitosis?

  It is identical to the parent cell's DNA
• How can a student determine if a cell is undergoing mitosis under a microscope?

  • Look for visible chromosomes lining up at the center
  • Identify cells with distinct stages of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)
• If a student counts 11 cells undergoing mitosis out of 73 total cells, what is the percentage of cells undergoing mitosis?

  $\frac{11}{73} \times 100 \approx 15.07\%$
• What is the total number of cells counted by the student?

  73 cells
• How many cells were counted that are not undergoing mitosis?

  62 cells
• What is the total number of cells undergoing mitosis and not undergoing mitosis?

  73 cells