Energy

• Energy Transformation Occured when candles are being lit.

  CHEMICAL ———-> Heat + Light
• Liquid - A substance that takes the shape of its container but does not have a fixed volume.
• Gas - A substance that has no definite shape or volume, it expands to fill any space available
• Temperature- Is the measure of heat/movement within a substance.

  Heat - is a form of energy.
• Convection - Transfer of thermal energy from one place to another due to differences in density caused by temperature changes.
• Radiation - Transfer of thermal energy without the need for matter.
• Conduction - Transfer of thermal energy through direct contact with other materials.
• Thermal Conductor - A material that easily allows heat to pass energy through.

  Thermal Insulator - Is a material that does not easily let heat energy pass through.
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed
• Energy can be transformed from one type to another
• Energy transformation example

  • 100 joules of electrical energy can become 100 joules of heat energy
• Kinetic energy


  The energy of particles (vibrations)
• Temperature is measured in centigrade
• Heat


  Heat is contained in any substance
• The more water in a substance


  The more heat there will be
• Energy is measured in joules
• A heater works to heat a room
• Convection current process


  1. Heater warms air

  2. Warm air rises

  3. Cools as it gets higher

  4. Sinks to get reheated
• Types of solids


  • Conductors
  • Insulators
• Conductors


  Solids which allow the transfer of heat through conduction
• Insulators


  Solids which don't allow the transfer of heat through conduction
• Examples of conductors


  • Metals
  • Frying pan
• Examples of insulators


  • Wool
  • Non-metals
• Radiation travels from the sun to the earth
• Electromagnetic waves hit the roof of the house
• The roof absorbs thermal radiation
• If the roof is absorbing more thermal radiation than it is releasing


  It will heat up