Earth and space

• We live on a planet called the Earth
• The Earth gets energy from the Sun
• The Earth spins on its axis once every 24 hours
• The side of the Earth facing the Sun

  Has daylight
• The side of the Earth facing away from the Sun

  It is night
• The Earth orbits around the Sun
• It takes one year for the Earth to go around the Sun once
• The Moon is a satellite of the Earth
• We can see the Moon because it reflects light from the Sun
• Phases of the Moon

  The different shapes of the Moon that happen because we cannot always see all of the part that is lit by the Sun
• There are eight planets in elliptical (oval-shaped) orbits around the Sun
• Most of the planets have moons orbiting around them
• Eight planets in the Solar System

  • Mercury
  • Venus
  • Earth
  • Mars
  • Jupiter
  • Saturn
  • Uranus
  • Neptune
• The Earth's axis is tilted
• When the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun


  It is summer in the UK
• Days are longer than nights in summer
• The Sun is higher in the sky in summer
• The Sun's rays are more concentrated in summer
• The Sun's rays are spread out

  In the winter
• Magnets attract magnetic materials
• North-seeking pole


  One end of a bar magnet
• South-seeking pole


  The other end of a bar magnet
• A north pole and a south pole


  Attract each other
• Two north poles or two south poles


  Repel each other
• Magnetic field


  The space around a magnet where it has an effect
• You can find the shape of the magnetic field using iron filings or a plotting compass
• The Earth has a magnetic field
• A compass is a small magnet that will point towards the Earth's North Pole
• Magnetic materials placed near a compass can change the direction that the compass points towards
• This is the shape of the magnetic field of a bar magnet