ovarian cancer

• Ovarian cancer


  A type of cancer that originates in the ovaries
• Risk factors for ovarian cancer

  • Nulliparity
  • Early menarche/late menopause
  • Family history of ovarian cancer
  • Mutations of TP53
  • NFI
  • BRCA1
  • BRCA2
  • RB1
  • CDK12
  • Lynch syndrome
  • Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
  • HRT
  • Obesity
• Protective factors against ovarian cancer

  • Breastfeeding
  • Pregnancy
  • Oral contraceptive use
  • Later menarche/early menopause
  • Risk reduction surgery
• Types of ovarian cancer

  • Epithelial cell tumors: older patients, vague symptoms, diagnosed at later stage
  • Germ/sex cell tumors: young patients, hormones causing symptoms of pregnancy, precocious puberty, abdominal bleeding, virilization, diagnosed at earlier stage
• Signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer

  • Bloating
  • Abdominal distention/discomfort
  • Pressure on rectum/bladder
  • Constipation
  • Vaginal bleeding
  • Indigestion
  • Acid reflux
  • Shortness of breath
  • Tiredness
  • Weight loss
  • Early satiety
• Diagnosis of ovarian cancer

  1. Physical exam/bimanual exam

  2. Ultrasound shows ovarian malignancy

  3. Mass 10cm+ with septations/loculations

  4. Solid components present or absent

  5. Increased internal Doppler flow present or absent

  6. Pelvic free fluid present or absent