ANTIMALARIALS

• ANTIMALARIALS:

  1. Quinine
  2. chloroquine
  3. hydroxychloroquine
  4. mefloquine
  5. primaquine
  6. pyrimethamine
  7. atovaquone / proguanil
  8. artemether / lumefantrine
• malaria -

  caused by types of species :

  1. plasmodium malariae
  2. plasmodium ovale
  3. plasmodium vivax
  4. plasmodium falciparum
• vector of malaria: anapheles mosquito
• 2 phase of malaria:

  1. tissue phase - invasion of body tissue which is asymptomatic
  2. erythrocytic phase- invasion of RBCs, causes chills, fever and sweating
• incubation period of malaria: 10-35 days
• other protozoal infections:

  1. amebiasis
  2. leishmaniasis
  3. trypanosomiasis
  4. trichomoniasis
  5. giardiasis
  6. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
• leishmaniasis- caused by protozoal that passed from sand flies to human; causes lesions, viscera and mucuos membrane
• trypanosomiasis:

  1. African sleeping sickness - caused by trypanosoma brucei gambiense
  2. Chagas disease- caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, causes severe cardiomyopathy
• trichomoniasis- caused by trichomonas vaginalis = vaginitis
• giardiasis- caused by giardia lamblia = intestinal protozoan in the US
• pneumocystis carinii pneumonia- do not usually cause illness but present to a patient with Aids
• other antiprotozoal agents:

  1. atovaquone
  2. metronidazole
  3. nitazoxanide
  4. pentamidine
  5. tinidazole