Part 2

• Methods of Information Gathering


  • Listening
  • Reading
  • Interviews
  • Observation
• Research


  A systematic, formal, rigorous and precise process employed to gain solutions to problems or to discover and interpret news facts and relationships
• Importance of research


  • To build knowledge and facilitate efficient learning
  • To understand various issues
  • To know the truth and prove lies
  • To seek opportunities
• Textual Aids


  Non-textual elements that help readers understand the content of the text
• Textual Aids refer to elements that stand out from the main text such as titles and subtitles, bold, italicized and underlined texts
• Non-textual elements

  • Illustrations
  • Maps
  • Tables
  • Graphs
  • Charts
• Functions of Textual Aids

  • Direct the reader's attention to important ideas
  • Provide more information as a supplement to what is already written
• Titles and Subtitles


  Provide initial idea on what the text is about, activate prior knowledge, represent key concepts and supporting ideas
• Illustration


  Visual presentation of a subject that facilitates better retention of the information presented
• Tables


  Information organized in columns and rows, used to show patterns and relationships
• Graphs


  Used when a simple table cannot adequately demonstrate important relationships of and within data
• Types of Graphs

  • Bar Graph
  • Line Graph
  • Pie Graph
  • Pictograph
• Maps


  Visual representations of selected characteristics of a place
• Types of Maps

  • Physical Map
  • Political Map