Sexual transmitted infections

• How STIs get transmitted

  • Any DIRECT PHYSICAL CONTACT
  • Genital to Genital
  • Hand to Genital
  • Mouth to Genital
• Gonorrhoea


  Causative Agent: Neisseria gonorrhoea
• Gonorrhoea Effects


  • Infection of mucous membranes
  • Discharge from urethra
  • 70% of women have no symptoms
  • Can pass it to children at birth
  • Children can develop sterility, heart and eye problems
• Chlamydia


  Causative Agent: Chlamydia trachomatis
• Chlamydia Effects


  • The ‘silent’ STI
  • Causes pain when urinating
  • Stays in the body
  • May cause infertility or PID in women
  • Can be passed to unborn foetus
• Genital Herpes


  Causative Agent: Herpes simplex virus type 2
• Genital Herpes Effects


  • Causes painful blisters on genital organs
  • Blisters heal but virus remains in nervous system for life
  • Can re-infect skin and mucous membranes
  • Can pass to foetus during pregnancy and birth
• Syphilis


  Causative agent: Treponoma pallidum
• Syphilis Effects


  • Primary stage: incubation stage 10 days to 10 weeks
  • Small sores called chancres
  • Secondary stage: skin rashes, sore throat, fevers
  • Tertiary stage: many tissues are damaged, leads to death if untreated
  • Can cross the placenta
• HIV / AIDS


  A virus spread in bodily fluids (not saliva)
• HIV


  Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• AIDS


  Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
• HIV / AIDS Symptoms

  • Category A: similar to glandular fever
  • Category B: ‘dormant’ phase
  • Category C: serious illnesses as a result of AIDS
• HIV / AIDS Transmission

  • Spread through childbirth
  • Breastfeeding
  • Blood transfusions
• Genital Warts


  Caused by the Human papillomavirus (HPV)

  
• Genital Warts Effects


  • May occur in the urethra, vagina or cervix
  • Can increase the risk of cervical cancer
• Pubic Lice (Crabs)


  Small insects causing extreme itching in the pubic areas
• Pubic Lice Transmission


  • Can be transmitted by sharing the same bed
• Other STIs


  • Scabies
  • Hepatitis B
• The best way to protect from STIs is abstinence
• If your partner has had multiple partners, ask them to be tested for STIs