geog revi

• Formal housing


  Residential buildings constructed according to legal standards set by authorities
• Formal housing


  • Developed and managed by professional organizations
  • Involves a structured process of planning, design, and construction
  • Ensures structures are safe, habitable, and meet quality standards
• Quality standards in formal housing

  • High quality building materials
• Formal housing is usually connected to basic infrastructure services
• Basic infrastructure services

  • Water supply
  • Sanitation
  • Electricity
  • Transportation networks
• Formal housing provides residents with a legal right to occupy the land
• Cities

  • High concentration of people
  • High population density
  • Built-up area
  • Range of functions
• Large Population Size
• High Population Density
• Built-Up Area
• Housing and Public Spaces

  • Residential spaces
  • Public areas such as parks
  • Recreational facilities
• Infrastructure and Transport Systems
• Range of Functions
• Cities are hubs of activity and opportunity
• Issues related to urbanization

  • Overpopulation
  • Traffic Congestion
  • Housing Affordability
  • Infrastructure Strain
  • Environmental Degradation
  • Public Health Concerns
  • Crime and Safety
  • Waste Management
• Overpopulation

  High population density can lead to overcrowding, strain on resources, and inadequate housing
• Traffic Congestion

  Increased vehicular traffic results in congestion, longer commute times, and higher pollution levels
• Housing Affordability

  Rapid urbanization and high demand for housing often lead to increased property prices and rent, making affordable housing scarce
• Infrastructure Strain

  Aging or inadequate infrastructure can struggle to meet the demands of growing populations, leading to issues like power outages, water shortages, and deteriorating public transport
• Environmental Degradation

  Urbanization can lead to pollution, loss of green spaces, and increased carbon emissions, contributing to climate change and health issues
• Public Health Concerns

  High population density and pollution can contribute to public health issues, including the spread of infectious diseases and chronic conditions like asthma
• Crime and Safety


  Urban areas may experience higher crime rates, requiring effective law enforcement and community safety measures
• Waste Management


  Managing the large volumes of waste generated by urban populations is a significant challenge, requiring efficient recycling and disposal systems
• Housing


  Provides shelter, which is one of the most fundamental human needs
• Housing protects individuals and families from the elements
• Housing provides a safe and secure living space
• Housing offers privacy
• Basic amenities facilitated by housing

  • Sanitation facilities
  • Clean water
  • Electricity
• Housing ensures that people can meet their daily needs and maintain a decent standard of living
• Location of housing

  • Determines proximity to essential amenities
  • Crucial for meeting daily needs
  • Accessing healthcare services
  • Education
  • Recreational activities
  • Improving overall quality of life
• Housing in well-served areas with a range of amenities can enhance convenience
• Housing makes daily life more comfortable and efficient
• Community

  Housing serves as a place where communities are formed and social interactions take place
• Neighbors living in close proximity can develop relationships and support networks
• Strong social connections within housing communities contribute to social cohesion
• Strong social connections reduce social isolation
• Strong social connections foster a sense of community identity
• These interactions can have positive effects on mental health, social well-being, and overall happiness
• Impact on People

  • Loss of Life and Injury
  • Damage to Infrastructure
  • Displacement and Homelessness
  • Psychological Impact
  • Economic Losses
• Loss of Life and Injury

  Can be caused by collapsing buildings, falling debris, and other hazards. People may be trapped under rubble, suffer crush injuries