Calculations

• Magnification


  Size of image\ Size of object
• SA:V ratio

  SA/ Volume (round volume down to 1dp)
• Surface area (SA)


  area of each face added together
• unit for measuring blood pressure

  millimetres of mercury (mmHg)
• Normal expected range for an adult aged 16- 65 of blood pressure 


  Diastolic 60-80 mmHg

  Systolic 90-120 mmHg
• Normal expected range for an adult aged 16- 65 for Heart rate

  60- 100 beats per minute (bpm)
• Normal expected range for an adult aged 16- 65 for respiratory rate 


  at rest 12- 20 breaths per minute (bpm)
• Normal expected range for an adult aged 16- 65 for Temperature 


  36- 37.5°C
• Half life


  how much time it takes for the decay to half (make sure it’s equal each time)
• alpha 


  symbol: α

  what is it: 2 protons 2 neutrons (equivalent to a helium nucleus)

  charge: 2+

  atomic mass: 4

  speed: 5- 10% of the speed of light

  penetration power: stopped by paper or skin

  ionising power: high
• Beta 


  symbol: β

  what is it: high energy electron

  charge: 1-

  atomic mass: almost nothing

  speed: travel at speeds closer to the speed of light depending on their energy

  penetration power: stopped by a few mm of aluminium

  ionising power: medium
• Gamma 


  symbol: γ

  what is it: high energy electromagnetic wave

  charge: none

  atomic mass: no mass

  speed: speed of light

  penetration power: reduced by a few inches of lead

  ionising power: low
• SI unit for mass

  kilogram
• SI unit for length

  metre
• SI unit for time

  second
• Standard Form

  Step 1: Write the first number from the given number.

  Step 2: Add the decimal point after the first number.

  Step 3: Now, count the number of digits after the first number from the given number and write it in the power of 10.
• Standard form for decimal numbers

  Step 1: Write the first non-zero digit from the given number

  Step 2: Add the decimal point after the first non-zero digit

  Step 3: Find the number of the decimal point that shifts from the given number and write it to the power of 10
• Significant figures

  • All nonzero digits are significant
  • All zeros that are found between nonzero digits are significant
  • Leading zeros (to the left of the first nonzero digit) are not significant
  • Trailing zeros for a whole number that ends with a decimal point are significant
• Bigger conversions

  
• Smaller conversions

  
• Benefits of using standard form (scientific notation) and significant figures 


  make calculations with small or large numbers less cumbersome and helps avoid excessive zeros

  aims to increase consistency and reduce rounding errors
• Morbidity rates


  Number of cases ÷ population (per 100,000)
• Mortality rate 


  number of deaths due to disease ÷ total population (each year per 100,000)