Respiratory

• Respiration


  Totality of breathing process
• Phases of respiration

  • Inhalation
  • Exhalation
  • External Respiration
  • Internal Respiration
  • Cellular Respiration
• Inhalation


  Act of taking in air
• Exhalation


  Act of taking out air
• External Respiration


  Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood
• Internal Respiration

  Exchange of gases between cells of the body and the blood
• Cellular Respiration

  Process of using oxygen to break down food
• ATP

  Adenosine triphosphate, the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level
• Upper Respiratory Tract


  • Involved in conducting air into and out of the body
  • Provides warmth, cleaning, and moistening of incoming air
• Nostrils

  Entry point for air
• Nasal Cavity

  Warms and humidifies inhaled air
• Pharynx

  Tube-like structure connecting nasal cavity to larynx
• Larynx


  Lets air pass from pharynx to trachea; voice box
• Chemoreceptors


  Special nerve cells that detect changes in blood composition
• Pharyngitis


  Inflammation of the back of the throat
• Epiglottis


  Flap that covers the trachea during swallowing
• Lower Respiratory Tract

  • Structures that pull in air from the upper respiratory system
  • Absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide
• Trachea


  Passageway for air to move in and out of the lungs
• Primary Bronchi


  Carry air to and from the lungs
• Lungs


  Main organs for gas exchange
• Alveoli


  Small air sacs where gas exchange occurs
• Pleura


  Protects and cushions the lungs
• Diaphragm


  Muscle that helps with inhalation and exhalation
• Bronchi

  • First branches from the trachea
  • Continue to branch into smaller bronchioles
• Segmental Bronchi


  Branches of the bronchi that lead to smaller bronchioles
• Pulmonary Gas Exchange

  Exchange of gases between inhaled air and blood in the alveoli
• Homeostasis


  Balance in the body's internal environment
• Air is already filled with oxygen from the lungs
• Gas exchange takes place in the thin walls of pulmonary capillaries
• There are approximately 700 million alveoli in each lung