MODULE 8: ANIMAL TISSUES

• Tissues


  A group of similar cells that perform specific function
• Types of organisms

  • Unicellular
  • Multicellular
• Unicellular organisms consist of one cell
• Multicellular organisms are made up of several cells of various sizes, shapes and arrangements
• Types of Tissues

  • Connective tissue
  • Epithelial tissue
  • Nervous tissue
• Epithelial tissue


  Covers the body's internal and external surfaces with one or more layers of tightly packed cells
• Functions of epithelial tissue


  • Protection
  • Nutrient absorption
  • Gas diffusion
  • Secretion
• Structural division of epithelial tissues

  • SIMPLE EPITHELIUM
  • STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM
• SIMPLE EPITHELIUM


  Consists of a single layer of cells
• STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM


  Made of multiple cell layers
• MUSCLE TISSUE


  Specialized cells that have a primary function of contraction
• The coordinated contraction of muscle tissue results in movement
• Muscle classification criteria

  • Location
  • Appearance
  • Neutral Control
• Muscle types based on LOCATION

  • SKELETAL
  • VISCERAL/SMOOTH
  • CARDIAC
• SKELETAL muscle


  Attached to the bones like biceps, triceps, pectoralis
• VISCERAL/SMOOTH muscle


  Located in the walls of hollow internal structures like the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels
• CARDIAC muscle


  Muscle that makes up the heart
• Muscle types based on APPEARANCE

  • STRIATED
  • SMOOTH
• STRIATED muscle


  Cross striations are observed
• SMOOTH muscle


  Cross striations are not noticeable
• Muscle types based on NEUTRAL CONTROL

  • VOLUNTARY MUSCLES
  • INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES
• VOLUNTARY MUSCLES


  Found outside of the skeleton and are under control of the will
• INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES


  Produce movements over which we have no control
• Connective tissue binds together various parts of the body
• Connective tissue gives form and support to the body
• Types of connective tissue

  • Loose or Areolar Connective Tissue
  • Dense Connective Tissue
  • Adipose or Fats Tissues
  • Bone or Osseous Tissue
  • Blood Tissues
• Loose or Areolar Connective Tissue


  A loosely arranged fibro-elastic tissue that holds together coagulable tissue fluids, various cells, and all fibers
• Dense connective tissue


  Contains tightly packed collagen fibers, making it stronger than loose connective tissue
• Adipose or Fats Tissue


  This tissue functions for nutrient and fat storage
• Bone or Osseous Tissue


  The most specialized and differentiated connective tissue
• Blood Tissue


  Classified as special connective tissue because it is composed of cells and extracellular matrix
• Three Types of Blood Cells

  • Erythrocytes
  • Leukocytes
  • Thrombocytes
• Erythrocytes


  Responsible for transporting oxygen
• Leukocytes


  Responsible for the immune system
• Thrombocytes


  Play a key role in blood clotting
• Nervous tissue


  Receives and transmits stimuli in the form of nerve impulses to various effectors, such as muscles and glands
• Basic structural and functional components of nervous tissues

  • Neuron
  • Neuroglia
• Neuron

  Made up of Dendrite, Axon, and Myelin sheath
• Dendrite


  Carries impulses towards the cell body
• Axon


  Carries the impulse away from the cell body; usually long and unbranched