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Cards (46)
Ground Tissue
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
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Ground Tissue
Makes up the
majority
of the
herbaceous
plant
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Parenchyma
Most
abundant
Alive
at maturity
Thin
primary cell walls
Ability to
divide
Response to
injury
or changing
environment
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Functions of Parenchyma
Photosynthesis<|>Respiration<|>Gas exchange<|>Storage of
starch
and other
materials
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Collenchyma
Elongated
living cells
Unevenly
thickened primary cell walls
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Function of Collenchyma
Elastic support
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Sclerenchyma
Inelastic
support to non-growing plant parts
Dead
at maturity
Thick
,
rigid
secondary cell walls
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Lignin
Tough
, complex molecule that adds strength to
cell walls
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Vascular Tissue Cells
Xylem
Phloem
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Vascular Tissues
Transport
water
, minerals,
carbohydrates
, and other dissolved compounds throughout the plants
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Xylem
Transport
water
and
minerals
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Phloem
Transport organic compounds,
food
,
carbohydrates
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Tracheids
Long,
narrow
cells that overlap at their
tapered
ends
Water moves from
tracheid
to
tracheid
through pits
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Pits
Thin
areas of the
cell wall
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Vessel Elements
Short
, wide,
barrel-shaped
Stack
end-to-end, forming long,
continuous
tubes
Side walls have
pits
End
walls perforated or
absent
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Water movement is
faster
than tracheids
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Sieve Tube Elements
Main conducting cells of
Phloem
Align
end-to-end
to form
sieve tube
Alive
but no
nucleus
and little cytoplasm
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Companion Cell
Adjacent to
sieve tube
element<|>Specialized parenchyma cell<|>Transfer carbohydrates into and out of the sieve tube elements<|>Provide
energy
and proteins to the conducting cell
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Determinate growth
Plants that stop growing after they reach their mature size
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Determinate growth
Bush types
Rose bush
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Indeterminate growth
Plants that continue to grow as long as environmental conditions allow it
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Indeterminate growth
Majority
of
tomato
varieties
Vines
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Meristems
Regions that undergo active mitotic cell division
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Meristems
Patches of
“Immorality”
that allow a plant to
grow
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Types of meristems
Apical
Lateral
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Apical meristem
Small patches
of
actively dividing cells
near the
tip
of
roots
and
shoots
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Lateral meristem
Produces cells that thicken a stem or root
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Shoot apical meristem
Primary growth
that
lengthens
the
shoot
or
root tip
by
adding cells
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New cells
originate at the
apical meristems
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Daughter cells
Give rise to ground tissue
Epidermis
Vascular tissue
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Stem elongates as the
vacuoles
of the new cells absorb
water
, pushing the
apical meristem
upward
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New leaves
originate on the
flanks
of the
meristem
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Remnants
remain in the
axillary buds
that
form
at
stem nodes
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Buds
may either remain
dormant
or
“awaken”
to form
side branches
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When a shoot loses its
terminal
bud
Cells
in
one or more dormant axillary buds begin to divide
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Shoot and root apical meristem
Helps grow
vertically
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Root apical meristem
Some of the cells produced at this
meristem
differentiate into the
root cap
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Root apical meristem
Other
cells elongate
by
absorbing
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Cell enlargement
leads to
root growth
farther in the soil
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Zone of maturation
Cells
complete their
differentiation
and
mature
into the functional ground,
dermal
and
vascular
tissues
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