GENBIO

• Cell


  Smallest unit that can live on its own
• Cells make up all living organisms and tissues of the body
• Cell


  Basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life
• Components of a cell

  • Cell Membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
• Cell


  Comes from Latin word cella meaning small room
• Eukaryotes


  Animal cells/plants that contain a nucleus
• Humans are eukaryotic
• Prokaryotes


  No nucleus, found in single cell organisms
• Examples of prokaryotes


  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
• Eukaryotic cells


  Larger than prokaryotic and has more components
• Prokaryotes lack nuclear membrane, chloroplasts, mitochondria, microtubules, and different types of pili
• Early Microscope was developed by Hans Janssen and Zacharias Janssen
• Galileo Galilei created a compound microscope with 2 glass lenses
• Robert Hooke modified Janssen's microscope and coined the term "cell"
• Robert Hooke is known as the English Father of Microscopy
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was the first to study protozoa (animalcules)
• Robert Koch observed bacterial cells causing cholera and tuberculosis
• Compound microscope


  Uses light to view specimen
• Total Magnification


  OC. L x Ob. L (e.g., 10x x 40x = 400x)
• Resolution


  Ability to view details
• Contrast


  Darkness of background
• Microscope anatomy components


  • Body tube
  • Revolving nosepiece
  • Stage
  • Stage clip
  • Inclination joints
  • Base
  • Illuminating mirror/light source
  • Condenser
  • Iris diaphragm
  • Eyepiece
• Cell Theory


  All living things are made of at least one cell<|>Cells are the basic unit of life<|>All cells come from pre-existing cells
• Theodore Schwann is a zoologist associated with cell theory
• Matthias Schleiden is a botanist associated with cell theory
• Rudolf Virchow is a pathologist associated with cell theory
• Robert Brown discovered the nucleus in 1804
• Prokaryotic cells


  Single celled, no nucleus, nuclear membrane, chloroplasts, mitochondria, microtubules, and different types of pili
• Examples of prokaryotic cells

  • Escherichia coli
  • Ferraglobus placidus
• Cytoplasm


  Contains ribosomes
• Cell wall


  Protects the cell and supports shape
• Cell wall is not made of membranes or lipids
• External Structure of prokaryotic cells

  Thick, sticky capsule enclosing cell wall that helps cells adhere to surfaces and offers protection
• Pili


  Protein filaments that help cells move along or cling to surfaces
• Cell Membrane Structure


  Lipid bilayer mainly composed of phospholipids
• Fluid Mosaic Model


  Describes a cell membrane as a 2D fluid of mixed composition
• Adhesion Proteins


  Fasten cells together in a tissue
• Receptor Proteins


  Trigger change in cell's activity in response to stimulus
• Transport Proteins


  Move specific substances across the bilayer
• Hydrophobic core of a lipid bilayer is impermeable to most hydrophilic substances