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Biology
Biology Paper 1
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Cards (250)
GCSE
(
9-1
) Biology Specification
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First teaching from September
2016
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First certification from
2018
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This is Issue
4
of the specification
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Topics common to Paper 1 and Paper 2
Key concepts
in biology
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Sub-cellular structures
Structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells related to their functions
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Animal cell structures
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
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Plant cell structures
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Ribosomes
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Bacterial cell structures
Chromosomal
DNA
Plasmid
DNA
Cell
membrane
Ribosomes
Flagella
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Specialised cells
Cells
adapted
to their function
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Sperm cell adaptations
Acrosome
Haploid
nucleus
Mitochondria
Tail
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Egg cell adaptations
Nutrients
in the cytoplasm
Haploid
nucleus
Changes
in the cell membrane after
fertilisation
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Ciliated
epithelial cells are
specialised
cells
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Microscope technology
Changes have enabled us to see
cell structures
and
organelles
with more
clarity
and
detail
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Enzyme action
Mechanism includes
active site
and
enzyme specificity
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Denaturation of enzymes
Caused by changes in the
shape
of the
active
site
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Quantitative units in relation to cells
Milli
(10−3)
Micro
(10−6)
Nano
(10−9)
Pico
(10−12)
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Calculations with
numbers
written in
standard
form are included
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Suggested practicals
Investigate the effect of different
concentrations
of digestive enzymes
Investigate the effect of
temperatures
and
concentration
on enzyme activity
Investigate plant and animal cells with a
light
microscope
Investigate the effect of concentration on rate of
diffusion
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Topics for Paper 1
Cells
and
control
Genetics
Natural selection
and
genetic modification
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Mitosis
Part of the cell cycle including interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis
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Importance of mitosis
Growth
,
repair
, and
asexual reproduction
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Cell division by mitosis
Production of
two daughter
cells with
identical
sets of
chromosomes
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Cancer
Result of changes in cells leading to
uncontrolled
cell division
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Growth in organisms
Cell
division
and
differentiation
in animals
Cell
division
,
elongation
, and
differentiation
in plants
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Cell differentiation
Importance in the development of specialised
cells
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Embryonic stem cells
Function in
animals
and
meristems
in plants
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Brain structures
Cerebellum
<|>
Cerebral hemispheres
<|>
Medulla oblongata
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CT scanning and PET scanning
Used to investigate
brain function
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Reflex arc
Includes
sensory
,
relay
, and
motor
neurones
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Eye structure
Includes cornea
,
lens
,
iris
,
rod
and
cone cells
in the
retina
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Defects of the eye
Cataracts
Long-sightedness
Short-sightedness
Colour blindness
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Asexual reproduction
Advantages
include lack of need to find a mate and rapid reproductive cycle; disadvantage is
no variation
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Sexual reproduction
Advantages include
variation
; disadvantage is the
requirement
to
find
a
mate
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Meiotic cell division
Production of
four
daughter cells with
half
the number of chromosomes
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DNA
A
polymer
made up of
two
strands coiled to form a
double helix
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Genome
The
entire DNA
of an organism
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Gene
A section of a
DNA
molecule that
codes
for a specific
protein
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Protein synthesis
Includes transcription
and
translation
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Gregor Mendel
Discovered the
basis
of genetics
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See all 250 cards
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