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NOUNS:
masculine
-age
feminine
-lle
feminine
-té
masculine
-isme
masculine
-ment
feminine
-tion
/
-sion
feminine
-ie
most fem
-ance
most mas
-et
most fem -esse
most mas
-il
most mas
-eau
most fem
-ée
ARTICLES: definite (the)
masculine -le
feminine -la
plural -les
vowels and h -l'
ARTICLES: indefinite (a)
masculine -un
feminine -une
plural -des (like some or any in English)
ARTICLES:
partitive
(some or any in English)
masculine:
de
+
le
->
du
feminine :
de la
vowel or h:
de l'
plural:
de
+
les
->
des
ARTICLES:
negatives
with
de
du
,
de
,
l'
,
des
become de or
d'
(
vowels
and
h
)
ADJECTIVES:
le
-no ending
la
-e
les feminine
-es
les masculine
-s
BRAGS
: before noun others after noun
beauty - beau, joli
rank - premier, deuxième
age - jeune, vieux, nouveau
goodness - bon, mauvais
size - petit, long, gros
COMPARATIVE:
Superior
:
plus…que
(more…than/___er than)
Inferior:
moins…que
(
less…than
)
Equal: aussi…que (as
much
/as
many
)
SUPERLATIVE:
bon
(good) → le
meilleur
- the
best
mauvais
(
bad
) → le
pire
- the
worst
moins
/
plus
+
adjective
+
que
DEMONSTRATIVES:
ce
(
masculine
) /
cet
(
vowel
or h
masculine
) /
cette
(
feminine
) - this or that
ces
(
plural
) -
these
or
those
INDEFINITE:
before a noun
quelque
- some or any
quelques
- plural (few)
INDEFITINTE:
chaque
- each or every
plusieurs
- several
même
- same
mêmes
- plural
NOTE:
fois
- times (how many) temps - (others)
POSSESIVE:
Mon
,
ton
and
son
are used instead of
ma
,
ta
and sa before a
feminine
word starting with a
vowel
or
silent
-h. This makes
pronunciation
easier.
INTERROGATIVE:
quel
-which or what
quel
- mas singular
quelle - fem singular
quels-
mas plural
quelles
- fem plural
QUANTIFIERS:
list
examples
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE:
adverb
mieux que
- better than
le plus
- the most
le moins
- the least
le mieux
- the best
REGULAR:
adverbs
add - ment at the end
is a verb ends in
-ent
or
-ant
add amment or
emment
interrogative:
adverb
qui
(who)
que
/
qu’est-ce
que/quoi (what)
quand
(when)
où
(where)
pourquoi
(why)
comment
(how)
combien
(how much/many).
adverbs of time:
aujourd’hui
- today
bientôt
- soon
demain
- tomorrow
en ce moment
- at this time/at the moment
yesterday
- hier
souvent
- often
always
- toujours
adverbs of place:
dehors -
outside
ici -
here
là/là-bas -
there
/
over
there
partout -
everywhere
quelque part - somewhere
personal
pronouns:
je
/
j’
(before a vowel or ‘h’) - I
tu
(singular informal)- you
il
(masculine nouns) - he/it
elle
(feminine nouns) - she/it
on - one/we
nous
- we
vous
- you (singular formal or plural)
ils
- they (masculine nouns)
elles
- they (feminine nouns)
reflexive
pronouns
:
je
(I) -
me
/
m’
(
myself
)
tu
(
you singular informal
) -
te
/
t’
(
yourself
)
il
/
elle
/on (he/
she
/
one
) -
se
/
s’
(
himself
/
herself
/
oneself
)
nous
(we) -
nous
(
ourselves
)
vous
(you plural or formal) -
vous
(yourself/yourselves)
ils
/
elles
(
they
) - se/
s’
(
themselves
)
relative pronouns:
qui - who, that, which (same things)
replace subject
que - whom, that, which (different things)
Replaces the direct object
lequel - which
Replaces a noun preceded by a preposition
negative for object pronouns
direct
and
indirect
:
Je n’aime pas les champignons. Je ne les aime pas. -
I don’t like mushrooms. I don’t like them.
Je n’étudie pas l’allemand. Je ne l’étudie pas. -
I don’t study German. I don’t study it.
object pronouns direct:
me / m’ (before a vowel or ‘h’) -
me
te / t’ (before a vowel or ‘h’) -
you
(singular informal)
le / l’ (before a vowel or ‘h’) -
him
/
it
(masculine nouns)
la / l’ (before a vowel or ‘h’) -
her
/
it
(feminine nouns)
nous - us
vous -
you
(singular formal and plural)
les -
them
object pronouns indirect:
me / m’ (before a vowel or ‘h’) - (to) me
te / t’ (before a vowel or ‘h’) - (to) you
lui -(to) him / her / it (masculine and feminine nouns)
nous - (to) us
vous - (to) you
leur - (to) them
emphatic pronouns:
contre - against
je ne veux pas lutter contre toi - i dont want to fight against you
chez - at/to (house) - to veux venir chez moi ce soir?
do you want to come to my house this evening?
avant - before
derrière - behind
entre - between
pour - for
devant - in front of
près - near
sur - on
sous - under
selon - according to
sauf - except
par - by
demonstrative pronouns:
masculine
celui
(the one) singular
ceux
(the ones) plural
feminine
celle (the one) singular
celles
(the ones) plural
no article of
un
or
une
when talking about jobs or member of a team
indefinite pronouns:
Quelqu'un -
someone
,
anybody
Quelque chose -
something
Rien -
nothing
Tout -
everything
,
everyone
Personne - no
one
,
nobody
Chacun -
each
one
interrogative
pronoun:
y and en:
y - there replaces à and en + a place
I went to town with my friend → I went there with my friend
En - them/some replaces words of quantity and words with de ils ont beaucoup d'argent → ils en ont beaucoup - they have a lot of money
verbs:
je vais - go
je fais - do or make
je peux - can or be able to
je veux - want
je crois -believe
je vois - see
je dois - have to
he bois - drink
je mets - put
je dis - say or tell
je sors - go out
j'ecris - write
prepositions:
dans - in (side)
derrière - behind
devant - in front of
entre - between
sous - under
sur - on
prepositions:
à côté de
- next to
au bord de
- at the
side
of
au-dessus
de - above, over
au milieu de
- in the middle of
en dehors
de - outside (of)
en face
de - opposite
près
de - near
prepositions:
après
- after
avant
- before
depuis
- since , for
jusqu’à
- up to, until
avant
- before
pendant
- for
pour
- for (future plans)